27 April 2006
MacBook Pro power usage
I’ve added a section on power usage to my Apple
MacBook Pro Experience Report. At least one
user is concerned that airline power plugs max out at 75 watts.
Apple axes Aperture engineering team?
Rumors like
this can really kill a product–especially if they’re true! I take the rumor very seriously,
and I suspect many others do as well. Apple might not like to comment on rumors, but I certainly won’t
be committing to Aperture until I hear appropriate non-weaselized statements from Apple about its future (including
an alternative to the troublesome single-artifact file-storage approach).
Aperture shows tremendous potential, so let’s hope that Apple stays in the
game in a serious way so that other vendors are forced to bring their products up to a higher quality level.
26 April 2006
Traveling to the Thelon wilderness, part one.
If you’ve ever thought about traveling to a truly remote area of the world, you might
be interested in my experiences in the Thelon Wilderness in late August, 2005. Read the first part of my travelogue Traveling
to the Thelon Wilderness. As time allows, I’ll cover the remainder of the trip.
24 April 2006
Windows API on Macs in Mac OS X 10.5?
Speculation has begun that Apple might implement the Windows API directly in Mac OS X, making
it the ultimate cross-platform computer. See OS
X to run Windows XP apps natively?. This would be a stunning and useful development, assuming
safeguards are in place to prevent destruction of MacOS by the many rampant
Windows viruses.
MacBook Pro 2.16GHz 17" cheaper than 15"!
Perhaps Apple has yet to adjust their pricing on the 15" MacBook Pro. Configuring
the 15" model with the 2.16GHz option and 7200rpm hard drive, and the 17" model (2.16Ghz standard) with the
7200rpm hard drive yields:
MacBook Pro 15" 2.00/1GB/100GB@7200: $2599
MacBook Pro 15" 2.16/1GB/100GB@7200: $2899
MacBook Pro 17" 2.16/1GB/100GB@7200 $2799 !!!
I triple-checked the pricing—the 17" is $100 less expensive in
the 2.16/1GB/7200rpm configuration . (Perhaps this means a price adjustment is coming for the 15" model;
it might be good to wait a week or so if you’re about to buy one).
At 2.0GHz, the 15" model, is $200 less than the 17" model (7.7%) more. Considering
that the 17" model offers lots of extras, it’s a no-brainer to get the 17":
- larger screen;
- 8X double-layer superdrive vs 4X superdrive (faster + 8GB vs 4GB DVD disks?);
- Firewire 800 port in addition to the Firewire 400 port;
- rated battery life of 5.5 vs 4.5 hours;
- 3 USB 2.0 ports instead of 2.
The Firewire 800 port is much faster if you use an external hard drive—its
presence on the 17" model and the lack of it on my 15" model adds insult to injury—artificial limitations
to position the 17" model? This is customer disservice, and a good reason to wait a few months before buying
a new Apple product. As discussed in my Apple
MacBook Pro Experience Report, the current non-availability of fast external hard-disk expansion
is a major weakness of the MacBook Pro 15". The Firewire 800 port goes a long way towards addressing that
weakness, assuming its write performance isn’t crippled as it is on the G5 PowerMacs.
Manual focus accuracy
I’ve added a new article on the accuracy of manual focus. Please see Manual
Focus Accuracy, but I recommend starting at Focus Accuracy.
23 April 2006
Photoshop drag-scrolling problem
Recently, on MacOS X 10.4.6, Adobe Photoshop CS2 has developed a screen redraw problem while
drag-scrolling (pressing the space bar and dragging the image around). It occurs in either full-screen mode (with or
without menu bar), but does not occur when using a normal window with scroll bars. Here is what it looks
like:
I’ve seen no other instability or problem. The most significant things
I can recall about this development, most rec2006-Sept-blog.html#DiskTesterSpeedTestsent first, for the past month or so, are:
- Photoshop suddenly losing all its preferences, such as my palette arrangement;
- Addition, then removal of the “DisableVMBuffering.plugin”
that Adobe released recently;
- Installation of MacOS 10.4.6 update
Memory for the MacBook Pro
I’ve added a Buying
More Memory section to my Apple MacBook Pro Experience
Report, as well as a MacOS X section.
MacOS X Utilities
Here’s a nice link for various utilities for
MacOS X. See also the Apple Troubleshooting page.
From the “look what crawled out from under
a rock” department…
A 3rd-grader offers a friendly, handwritten list of tips for improving the iPod to
Steve Jobs (CEO of Apple Computer), and gets a
response that makes her cry. No wonder lawyers get a bad name. Maybe Steve should give her a new iPod.
22 April 2006
Reviews page reorganized
I’ve reorganized the Reviews Page, moving
the list of free articles onto their own separate page. As the list
of articles has grown, too much scrolling has been required to see what’s available.
19 April 2006
MacBook Pro impressions
The more I use the MacBook Pro,
the more I like it. I have never been able to say that about any Apple laptop before—they were always sluggish
compared to desktop machines. But the MacBook Pro blows away previous Apple laptops, and, performance-monger
that I am, it is actually a machine that ought to suffice for 90% of the user base, especially after adding a mouse,
full-sized keyboard and Apple 23" Cinema Display (or
the awesome 30" Cinema Display—yes the MacBook can drive the 30" display!).
I am continually impressed each time I compare my PowerMac G5 Quad to the MacBook Pro. See
my evolving Apple MacBook Pro Experience Report.
So I’ll say it plainly:
Buying a G4 PowerBook is nuts—the MacBook Pro blows it away, even using Rosetta,
and it will only get better as more Universal Binary applications emerge.
Buying a G5 desktop other than the Quad is questionable, unless you must have the
additional expansion capabilities it offers—the MacBook Pro 2.16Ghz is simply amazing with Universal Binaries.
There are a few caveats for some users:
- If you absolutely, positively must have maximum performance right now, and your frequently-used
applications are still Power-PC only, then you might stick with the G5 desktop (but not the PowerBook G4).
- Don’t forget the 7200rpm hard drive option in the MacBook Pro, as drive speed is
already impaired on laptops, and you want to keep those CPU cores busy.
- Users who need copious and/or fast storage will need to stick with a desktop PowerMac.
- Bite the bullet and get 1GB of memory (at least). 512MB is not enough, especially if you
want to run Parallels or similar products.
- Skip the 1.83 GHz model. Apple really sticks it to you on additional memory if you
start with that model (and don’t even think about buying extra in an Apple store). I bought extra memory
at satech.com for about half the price of Apple memory, same OEM memory. Installation is trivial.
Autofocus accuracy article
I’ve written up a brief test of autofocus accuracy with the Nikon D2X and 17-55DX—please
see Autofocus Accuracy. The test is short and
simple, but interesting.
I’ll likely expand the article to include Canon EOS equipment at a later date.
Nikon D2X back from repair
The D2X, along with the 17-55DX and 17-35AFS are now back from Nikon service for the lens
mount problem I detected on my D2X. Thank you Nikon for keeping the repair time under 3 months, (though
some portion of that time was the local dealer’s error). Nikon determined there was “impact damage” to
the D2X, the 17-55/f2.8 and the 17-35/f2.8 (which I had sent in initially, believing that the lens was at fault.
It was “interesting” to see “impact damage” for the 17-35/f2.8 also,
since it had sat in a drawer (except for the test shots) since its last visit to Nikon not long before, where it had
received a good bill of health. Erroneous notes only? I can’t say for certain, but my D2X itself
never hit a hard surface.
However, the Really Right Stuff “L” bracket on
the D2X did fracture the largest bone in my middle finger when I took a nasty fall on slippery granite last September. The
17-55/f.28DX was attached to the D2X at the time. So “impact damage” is at least plausible, though the
camera body itself had nary a mark on it, and never actually hit anything hard. Bone and flesh impact are apparently
enough to warp a lens mount, even with the modestly-sized 17-55DX.).
So far I’ve taken Nikon at their word “working to specification” and
haven’t yet reshot the multi-lens test described in Lens
Mount Misalignment—but I will soon.
Are there actually a fair number of camera bodies out there with warped lens mounts, and
their owners bemoaning the “soft” optics? The best way to check your own camera is to
shoot at least two lenses on a tripod at the same focal length [see Lens
Mount Misalignment], and see what kind of results emerge. Even a single lens on an appropriate subject
will reveal a problem; the question then becomes whether it’s the lens or camera—so shoot at least two
lenses if possible. Here’s the uneven sharpness you should look for:
Nikon 17-35/f2.8D AF-S EDIF @ f2.8, about 25mm
actual pixels |
Crop from mid-left
click for full-width image |
Crop from mid-right
click for full-width image |
 |
 |
17 April 2006
Aperture’s speed on MacBook Pro
with Canon CR2 raw files
I’ve just started using the Universal Binary Aperture 1.1
on my MacBook Pro, and it seems quite speedy. I’ve done a brief test and added the results to my Apple
MacBook Pro Experience Report. In short, performance is impressive, but memory use temporarily approaches
700MB real memory while batch-exporting—so plan on installing 2GB of RAM into you MacBook Pro if you intend to
use Aperture.
Aperture checks its serial number on the network
I inadvertantly started Aperture 1.1 on my Quad while I had left it idle on my MacBook Pro—it
apparently checks the network for other copies with the same serial number because it reports that the other copy is
running, then quits. Not a problem for me, as I have no need to run both at the same time or to use it improperly,
but it’s worth knowing.
16 April 2006
MacBook Pro 2.16 GHz beats dual 2.5GHz G5 for
software development
[See Apple MacBook Pro Experience
Report for other MacBook comparisons]
Macintosh developers will be interested to learn that the MacBookPro 2.16GHz easily bests
two 2.5GHz PowerPC cores for builds. The Quad is faster than the MacBook Pro only when all 4 cores are used;
otherwise, on a per-core basis, the Quad was 16%-30% slower in my
tests.
With such impressive CPU speed, it’s unfortunate that the MacBook is hobbled by a
hard disk that is 1/2 the speed of a fast desktop hard disk, with no way to add something faster, at least not yet. The
ExpressCard slot on the MacBook may yet yield a 3rd-party solution for fast external storage (the Firewire 400 port
is even slower than the internal hard disk).
This latest test adds one more data point suggesting that the 2.16 GHz Intel Core Duo cores
will often match or outperform two 2.5GHz PowerPC G5 cores, in spite of the 340 megahertz clock rate handicap—which
means the Macintosh users can envision considerably faster PowerMacs when Apple builds nearly 4 GHz Intel-based machines.
14 April 2006
MacWorld magazine Boot
Camp benchmarks with Windows XP
Macworld magazine has some interesting benchmarks running
Windows XP on the MacBook Pro, comparing it to various other PCs.
Even forgetting the demonstrable performance superiority of the MacBook in the MacWorld
benchmarks, why buy a Windows PC when you can buy a MacBook and run both Mac OS (vastly superior to XP in
multiple ways) and Windows XP (and Linux and Windows 2000 and many other operating systems using software such as Parallels and
probably VMWare before long). A foolish choice indeed, to
buy an inflexible plain vanilla PC, unless price is the primary issue. Then again, running more than on OS is
confusing for most casual users.
13 April 2006
Apple Aperture 1.1
I’ve gotten around to installing Aperture,
now that version 1.1 is available, and will be updating my Raw-file
Converters article as time allows. Apple’s claim of greatly improved raw-file rendering sounds promising. The
revised article will be free to prior customers, but the price will go up by $1 after the update. I’ve
added some notes to the Apple MacBook Pro Experience Report—Aperture
is now a Universal Binary. I will likely add an experience report for Aperture in a few weeks.
Internal drive mounting kits for the PowerMacG5
Want more storage inside your PowerMac G5, such as a striped RAID? See my PowerMac
G5 Internal Drive Kits article. You won’t find this kind of honest product-assessment in MacWorld magazine—diglloyd
has no paid advertisers to please.
MacBook Pro experience report
The first revision of my Apple
MacBook Pro Experience Report is now online. Included so far are general assessments of hard disk,
memory, network speed and expansion, raw computing power and an assessment of various programs, including Adobe
Photoshop CS2, Nikon Capture, and Digital Photo Professional speed under Rosetta. This
report will be updated in the future, so check back periodically.
11 April 2006
Nikon Capture and AMD processors with Data Execution
Prevention (DEP)
It turns out that the crash (blue screen of death) that I described earlier provoked
by launching Nikon Capture on my dual Opteron box is a known problem. Searching Nikon’s web site,
I discovered a technical
note describing the problem.
It’s awfully helpful of Nikon to add a technical note—but it would be even nicer
to have the installer detect the processor type, and warn the hapless customer doing the install. Such
blatant disregard for the customer is outrageous—I wasted 45 minutes installing, crashing, uninstalling, reinstalling,
etc before I found the technical note in Nikon’s online knowledge database. And it’s insult
to injury that Digital Photo Professional is free and Nikon Capture costs $99. One more
reason to switch to Canon.
By the way, self-modifying code (eg turning data into code or modifying
machine code in-memory) has always been an Evil practice even before today’s nasty viruses appeared, but Nikon
apparently is years behind in understanding sound software design. Perhaps that explains why Nikon Capture makes
poor use of multiple CPUs yet allows only one worker thread and disallows more than one instance
of Nikon Capture (as discussed in my 09 April entry).
Running Parallels virtualization
software on the MacBook Pro
Though not quite ready for prime time, Parallels is
an appealing way to run Windows or other operating systems on your Intel-based Macintosh as compared with Apple’s Boot
Camp. Advantages include:
- ability to run more than one operating system;
- can run virtually any version of Windows, Linux, etc;
- efficient use of disk space via hard disk image files. My 20GB Windows “hard
disk” takes only 2GB on my MacBook hard drive (it grows as needed);
- ability to backup the entire operating system by backing up the hard disk file it resides
on (got a virus? Throw out the hard disk image and grab a copy from a backup and reboot Windows—all in
a minute or two).
- and of course, Mac OS X is running at the same time.
Aside from a few confusing minor problems, and one apparent kernel crash, the Parallels virtualization
software ran flawlessly. Here are some tips if you want to try it out:
- If you make an ISO image of a Windows install disk using Disk Utility, be sure to make
the file extension be “.iso”, not “.cdr”. Otherwise,
the Parallels software won’t let you select it as the CD-ROM drive.
- If you pause the Parallels VM, it eats about 30% of a CPU, much more than when
not paused! This is true even if the window is hidden. It appears that the CPU usage is caused by doing the windows
flickering-screen effect.
- The user guide says to use the “vmtools.iso”
disk image to install the extra tools. This is incorrect. Instead, choose “”. Be sure to install these tools, or drawing speed is very
poor, and you are limited to 640 X 480 screen size.
- Windows 2000 Professional believes there is only one CPU, even though the MacBook has
a dual-core processor. This might be due to the way the Parallels software
operates.
Digital Photo Professional speed
on Windows 2000 using Parallels
I installedDigital Photo Professional 2.1.1.4 on Windows 2000, running on my MacBook
Pro 2.16 Ghz using the Parallels virtualization software. I
set “” to “” and
allocated 900MB of memory (out of 2GB total).
I then processed 30 EOS CR2 files from a Canon 1Ds Mark II (the same files as used in the Digital
Photo Professional Batch Processing Performance Tip article). I verified that there was ample free
memory during processing, and I quit the DPP window while the batch was in progress. The CPU usage according
to the Windows Task Manager was 100% while processing the files. The CPU usage according to Mac OS Activity
Monitor was about 125% (out of a maximum of 200%)—so the two cores on the MacBook were not fully utilized.
Results: 9:14 to process 30 1Ds Mark II CR2 files or 22.8 seconds
per CR2 (single worker). This is not too impressive, considering that the MacBook Pro takes just 29.3
seconds per CR2 while running the PowerPC version using Rosetta (emulation)
[see 07 April entry]. Compare this with the 9.8 seconds
per CR2 (single worker) seen on my dual 2.4GHz Opteron box (single worker), or 7.8 seconds per CR2 (2 workers).
It’s not clear if this lesser speed is due to the virtualization software, as I haven’t
yet tried Apple’s Boot Camp (I don’t
yet own a copy of Windows XP Service Pack 2—if anyone wants to donate a legal, unused copy, I’ll
be glad to accept it, or trade for one of my articles ).
10 April 2006
“Digital Photo
Professional Batch Processing Performance Tip” updated
The Digital Photo Professional
Batch Processing Performance Tip article, as
mentioned in the 08 April entry now includes results from a dual
Opteron 2.4GHz machine running Windows XP.
Diglloyd paid articles
Although I post many free articles, and intend to continue to do so, I put great time and
effort into a smaller number of in-depth articles, too. Those articles are not free, but if you haven’t
read one of them, I think you’ll be pleased with the value you get—detail and insights like nothing you’ll
find in a magazine. These paid articles help support this site (and the equipment purchase such articles
require).
How much do raw converters vary in image rendering?
There is a never-ending discussion on how good one raw converter is versus another. Although “good” is
a subjective term, there are differences, and subject matter can influence the conclusion. Further, there are
so many aspects of raw conversion, that it can be a complicated decision of which one to use. Save yourself some of
the guesswork, and take a look at how fine detail is rendered with 9 different raw converters in my Raw-file
Converters article.
Looking for the best 28mm shift lens?
If you’re looking for a 28mm shift lens for architectural work and/or for “flat” stitching
(higher resolution composites), don’t buy before reading my 28mm
Shift Lenses article. You won’t find a better assessment of the available lenses: the Schneider/Leica
28mm/f2.8 PC Super Angulon, the Nikon 28mm/f4 PC-Nikkor, and the Nikon 28mm/f3.5 PC-Nikkor. Although the tests
were done using a Nikon D2X, Canon users can use all of these lenses, too.
Nikon or EOS, full-frame of DX?
If you’re in the market for the Nikon D2X, the Canon EOS 5D, or the Canon EOS 1Ds
Mark II, look no further than the most comprehensive review you’ll find anywhere, my D2X
vs EOS review. This is not a winner/loser type of review, but a thoughtful and detailed comparative
review, intended to help you make an informed and wise choice of one of these cameras.
Soft pictures? Handheld or VR? How much
does the tripod matter?
In the most comprehensive analysis of image sharpness that I’ve yet seen, The
Sharpest Image goes into myriad details on image sharpness handheld with and without VR, burst shooting, mirror
lockup vs none, tripod stability and resonance. If you enjoy critically sharp images, or if you’re
in the market for a tripod, or you regularly use Vibration Reduction, you owe it to yourself to read this article. Though
the article used Nikon equipment, Canon or other users will not be disappointed, as much of the article is generally
applicable.
Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) clarification
Thanks to a reader for pointing out a good summary on Mean
Time To Failure (MTTF) and Mean
Time Between Failure (MTBF), which I mentioned in my 02 April entry in
context of the failure of one of my nearly-new Maxtor 7V300F0 hard
drives. While I do have some training in statistics, and understood perfectly well that a MTBF of 1,000,000
hours does not mean a drive will last 1,000,000 hours, I wasn’t aware that there can be an “early
failure period” with a high rate of failure, as shown graphically on this
page. It’s still not clear to me if this “early failure period”
is included in the MTBF figure quoted by drive manufacturers, but I suspect that it isn’t given the numbers involved.
09 April 2006
Blog index now available
All blog entries have now been indexed. The
index might not be updated more than once a week or so, so it’s best to check the current blog page first.
And by the way, did you know the google trick of using
"site:diglloyd.com" to search
just diglloyd.com (or whatever site you choose after the "site:" entry). This was new to me within the
past few months, though I’m sure many people know of it. For example, to search for anything about the
Nikon D200 at diglloyd.com, you would enter: “site:diglloyd.com
Nikon D200”. (Click on the link and see for yourself).
No more PowerMac Quad sleep problems
As I noted in my 27
February entry, I was having freezes when entering “sleep” mode with the PowerMac Quad. Well,
it appears that some MacOS update must have fixed things, since it hasn’t happened for about a month now.
Followup on Nikon Capture and batching
To double-check that there was absolutely no way to run more than one batch in parallel
with Nikon Capture as described in my 07 April entry , I tried
a few things—
First, I duplicated the already-installed Nikon Capture folder, and tried launching
the copy after the first one was already running. No luck—the 2nd copy launches, then refuses to go on,
posting a dialog stating that “another copy of Nikon Capture is already running”. Some programmer
actually thought about this possibility and added this check and dialog, so a reasonable conclusion is that the underlying
engine is such poorly-implemented code that no more than one progress (program) can use it at a time. Otherwise,
why make such a check?
Next, I ran the installer off the CD, and tried to install another copy of Nikon Capture
elsewhere. Unfortunately, there is no option to install it elsewhere; there is only one place that the installer
will allow another copy to install: /Applications. Still, if I had
been successful, the behavior would probably have been the same as the copy I first tried.
So Nikon Capture users can resign themselves to having a “speed limiter” in
place on all batch conversions, compliments of Nikon. It’s a good thing Nikon doesn’t make cars.
:;
Adding insult to injury, today I installed Nikon Capture on my dual 2.4 GHz Opteron
box, hoping to gauge its speed. Any attempt to launch it immediately crashed Windows with the blue screen of
death. I tried several times.
08 April 2006
Utilizing the Quad’s 4 cores with Digital
Photo Professional
I’ve written up a handy tip for
exploiting the full power of multiple CPU and/or multiple core computers, such as the PowerMac Quad. This tip
is applicable to any program that allows multiple copies of itself to run and/or uses multiple “workers” for
any sort of batch processing of files, such as mass conversion of raw files to JPEG or TIF.
Need fast or large storage? Don’t miss
AMUG’s review of Sonnet E4P
AMUG has posted an article detailing
performance of eSATA with and without “port multiplication” using the Sonnet E4P
Serial ATA PCI-Express card (also considered are the PCI-X version for the previous generation PowerMac G4/G5). This
article goes over many variations of eSATA configurations that would cost a considerable amount of time and money to
learn on your own. A must-read if you are in the market for high capacity and/or fast storage.
I currently use Sonnet’s E4i for
internal storage, having used their G5 Jive kit
to mount an additional 3 Maxtor 3V300F0 drives inside my PowerMac Quad. I can attest that it’s a
well-engineered kit, far better than the poorly-engineered garbage I tried from another company. CPU temps do
go up with additional internal drives, but the Quad cooling fans stay as quiet as ever. More on this another day, perhaps.
07 April 2006
Nikon Capture and Digital Photo Professional
on MacBook Pro
In general, I am *very* impressed with my new MacBook Pro 2.16 GHz, 100GB/7200rpm hard drive,
2GB RAM. If you buy a MacBook like this today, how would it compare to the fastest Mac desktop machine today,
the PowerMac Quad? (I no longer own my older PowerBook G4, so I can’t make that comparison).
Why compare a Quad to a MacBook? Well, that's what I have available, and the Quad
offers a performance level that is the best available on Mac OS today. Could a MacBook be in striking range of
the Quad once these raw converters are offered in Universal Binary form?
| File Type |
MacBook Pro 2.16GHz
seconds/file |
PowerMac Quad
seconds/file |
Nikon NEF (D2X), 30 files(1) |
21.0 (4X slower) |
5.3 |
Canon CR2 (1DsMII) , 30 files(2) |
29.3 (2.5X slower) |
11.8 |
(1) 30 Nikon NEF files from the D2X were chosen, averaging 11.7MB (compressed). Resulting
JPEG files (“Excellent” quality) ranged in size from 4.3 to 10.5MB each (7.9MB average).
(2) 30 1dS Mark II files were chosen, averaging 15.4MB each. Resulting JPEG files (JPEG “8”) ranged
in size from 3.3 to 10.4MB each (5.3MB average).
Bear in mind that the fastest disk speed possible on the MacBook, even with its 7200rpm
hard drive, was only 44MB/sec (tested using disktester),
as compared with 240MB/sec on my Quad with its striped RAID. That accounts for 1/2 second just for I/O on the
MacBook, and the figure is likely to be slower, depending on disk access habits of these programs. A native
version would not change that overhead.
Conclusion—The MacBook Pro 2.16 GHz is within striking range of the
performance of the PowerMac Quad once these applications are offered in Universal Binary form.
I’ll go out on a limb and predict a speedup of 2X-3X for a Universal Binary version,
which would yield times as fast as 7 seconds/file for a D2X NEF, and 10 seconds/file for a 1DsMII CR2. Not too
shabby for a laptop! Of course, results could be disappointing too, but less than a 2X improvement seems
unlikely.
Incompetent programming—
Of course, actual speed of Nikon Capture batch processing could be considerably
better, if new versions were revised to use multiple processors appropriately (the Quad is grossly underutilized
by both Nikon Capture and Digital Photo Professional). As a longtime software engineer who has done
much performance work, I can say that both programs are poorly programmed in terms of using the available CPU power.
This is evident in the CPU graphs shown below, where large amounts of CPU power go untapped
on the Quad, averaging about 130% (out of 400%). Though the MacBook appears to be better utilized, in reality
a good portion of that utilization is Rosetta (the
emulation of PowerPC code on the Intel processor).
| CPU Utilization—Nikon Capture
on PowerMac Quad |
|
| CPU Utilization—Nikon Capture on MacBook (Rosetta) |
|
02 April 2006
More blog stuff coming
The last two weeks were particularly busy for me what with tax season and certain family
matters that sucked up much of my time. I expect to resume regular blog entries soon.
Hard drive failure
So much for a 1,000,000-hour MTTF (mean time to failure) rating. One of my one-month-old Maxtor
7V300F0 300GB hard drives failed without warning, causing complete data loss on the RAID 0 volume to which it
belonged. That drive was part of a batch of five. I'm crossing my fingers that it is not a bad batch—for
you statisticians out there: what is the probability of a drive failure after about 200 hours of operation when the
drive is rated with a MTTF of 1,000,000 hours? I would guess it’s about as good as my chance of winning
the lottery. That’s why there are lies,
damn lies, and statistics. And it’s also why one of my future articles will be about best practices
for not losing data.
Fortunately, I practise what I preach, and got a bit lucky, too—I had made two redundant
backups 12 hours before the disk failed. So I lost only a few hours work (hey, I gotta sleep sometime).
MacBook Pro In Hand
I bit the bullet, sold the PowerBook G4 1.33 GHz and bought a MacBook Pro 2.16 GHz. An “impressions” report
will be coming soon, including such things as how fast it runs with Nikon Capture, Digital Photo Professional, and
Aperture 1.1. Watch this blog.
16 March 2006
Gigabit ethernet, PowerMac G5,
and CPU usage
Do you share or copy files over gigabit ethernet? Perhaps you have a central file
server and store your photographs on a server shared by multiple photographers? Perhaps you perform backups, as I do,
over gigabit ethernet to another machine?
If so, you should be aware of a little detail that won’t be mentioned in any marketing
materials extolling the dual gigabit ethernet ports on the latest PowerMac G5 models. You might guess what that
secret is by taking a look at the CPU usage graphs below (taken from a quad-core PowerMac G5 Quad):

The red area represents “system time”, or time that the operating
system spends on behalf of programs. In this case, 90% or more of the red area represents CPU time spent
doing nothing more than transferring data over a gigabit ethernet connection to another PowerMac G5 at the rate
of 90-100 megabytes/sec (roughly 800 megabits/second). [Both machines have high-speed striped RAID
disk arrays]. The red area represents roughly 100% of a core, or 25% of the available processing power on the
Quad. Similar usage (100% of a CPU) may be observed on the PowerMac G5 (dual 2.5GHz/single core, which was the
recipient of the data being transferred). I have also confirmed similar CPU usage on a dual CPU (single core)
2.0 GHz PowerMac G5. So it seems that the entire PowerMac G5 model line shares this trait (those machines
cover all three generations of the PowerMac G5).
Of course, if you have a single-core machine, anything involving high-speed
network transfers will run as slow as molasses, since data transfer will be competing for CPU time with productive
tasks. The utility of gigabit ethernet is severely restricted on such wimpy machines—don’t
edit large image files over a network if performance matters.
Imagine what would happen if both of the built-in PowerMac Quad gigabit ethernet
ports were fully utilized—fully half of the available CPU power would be sucked up simply to
transfer data! And that’s with the 4-core Quad—the mundane dual-core (single CPU) 2.0 and 2.3 GHz
PowerMac G5 models not only have just two cores, but run at a slower clock speed too. They simply don’t
have enough horsepower to do anything compute-intensive while a high-speed transfer is in progress. So
stick to the Quad if your work involves high-speed transfers of large amounts of data with simultaneous demands on
CPU time.
If you envision using a PowerMac as a server (Apple sells MacOS
X Server after all), don’t even think about using it in any application requiring high bandwidth without
first testing combined network and CPU performance. A PCI ethernet card capable of offloading all the ethernet-processing
overhead would be ideal, thus freeing the CPU to do real work. I don’t know if such a card exists for
PCI-Express for Macs yet.
Apple’s Technology
Overview for the PowerMac G5 makes claims about “server class” features for the dual gigabit ethernet
(see page 5 and 12). I haven’t figured out how to use “jumbo frame support” to “reduce
system overhead” yet; perhaps that would cut down the system CPU time usage shown above. From what I
can tell, such features are only supported within Mac
OS X Server, but maybe there is a way to use them in plain Mac OS X.
UPDATE: a reader informed
me (thank you) that jumbo frame support can be enabled by manually configuring ethernet in the Network control panel
in System Preferences (click to see a larger version):
I haven’t yet tested this, nor have I checked if my dual 2.0GHz G5 supports jumbo
frames; if not, then perhaps another reader will be able to make that determination. Update:
the dual 2.0GHz G5 does not support jumbo frames.
14 March 2006
Whither the Nikon D200 comparative review?
Some of you may be wondering about my Nikon D200 comparative review—the
good news is that the D200 is functioning just fine, and that I now have quite a bit of experience with it. The
bad news is that Nikon has had my D2X since Jan 31, or six weeks, so I haven’t been able to make any
comparisons with the D200 since then. If that’s the kind of service you can expect on a $5000 Nikon pro
body, it’s no wonder so many pros have reportedly switched to Canon [that’s my impression at least—facts
might prove otherwise]. Enough time has elapsed that I’m reconsidering whether to complete the review at
all due to the shelf life of such reviews, it being already four (4) months since the release of the D200. For
those readers who have patiently waited for the review, I’ll summarize by saying two things: (1) the D200 is
very much a mini D2X with comparable image quality (though a pinch less resolution), and (2) I prefer the D2X unless
size and weight are issues. Worth noting is that the new-fangled wide-angle-view screens on the D200, Canon EOS
5D and other cameras are inferior to the white-LED-backlit D2X LCD—still the best LCD I’ve seen.
Uninterruptible power supply follies
Last night around 2:10 am, my two APC
Smart-UPS 1000XL uninterruptible power supplies switched onto their batteries as the power failed, and began to
beep loudly 4 times each minute. This might be fine for a room full of servers, but it’s hardly friendly
stuff for a home. Fortunately, there is an option to disable the beeping completely—and though the fans
are far from whisper-quiet, they are not annoying in pitch. I discovered a few interesting things, which I’ll
share here.
First, it’s no fun figuring out how to disable the beeping at 2am. It’s
better to do so at a more civilized hour.
Second, and perhaps taking a design award for untempered stupidity, if you turn
off the Smart-UPS 1000XL, and there is no line current, you cannot turn it back on! One has to wonder
at what the “Dumb-UPS 1000” did—require sending it in for service? No need to believe me—read
the manual. Any attempt to turn on the unit without line current just results in a short beep. I had turned
off one unit because it was for equipment I wasn’t using, and even “off” that equipment was sucking
10-20 watts (“vampire devices”). I didn’t want to drain the batteries needlessly, so off it
went (the other 1000XL continuing to power my server). Then I realized that I needed some information from the
APC web site on how to disable the beeping, but there was a problem: the unit I had turned off would not turn
back on (no line current). Brilliant design. There’s even a troubleshooting section in the manual
describing the possible reasons the unit won’t turn on—including no line current. Isn’t this
a battery-powered UPS? Fortunately, the server-dedicated 1000XL was still on, so I plugged the “off” unit
into the “on” unit, powered on the “off” unit, and I was up and running. I haven’t
yet called APS support to delve into this.
Next up was disabling the beeping. The provided CD has three programs
on it—but just try to figure out which one you must install in order to “talk” to the UPS to disable
the beeping. The trick is to install all three, then poke around; the beep setting is cleverly hidden, but can
be found, assuming you notice the tiny “Advanced” checkbox, which then makes additional settings appear
(including the beeping thing). I didn’t know it was “advanced” usage to abhor annoying beeps. Apparently
there is a “personal use” version, but APC wasn’t thoughtful enough to put that on the CD; perhaps
they didn’t want to use up the other 600 unused megabytes on the CD. But I digress...
You can’t use an ordinary serial cable to “talk” to the UPS; you must
use the APC-provided one. This is fine, except that it’s about 6 feet long, and if your UPS is 12 feet
away, it means you have to power off the UPS (see earlier discussion), disconnect any additional batteries, risk
a hernia moving it next to the computer (60 pounds, and sorry, no Macs, only PCs), connect the serial cable, puzzle
through the software (see above), then triumphantly disable the beep, power the unit down, reconnect and recable it,
then power up whatever was originally connected to it. Wait!—it won’t start without line current,
so get a 12-foot extension cord, plug it into the “on” unit, and power up the “off” unit. Whew! Really
fun stuff at 3am. APC also provides a USB cable, but I was not successful using it, and it too is only
about 6 feet long. Now repeat the process for the 2nd unit, but discover that the software is unhappy that you
unplugged the cable and plugged it into a different unit. So quit the software and start it again.
Enough grumbling, these units work great, right? Yes and no. The equipment connected
to the 1000XL ran flawlessly. However, within a few minutes of power failure, a load of about 30-40 watts already
had drawn down one unit from 5 lights to 4 (according to the charge lights on the 1000XL), and this is with an
extra battery (the Smart-UPS
XL 24V Battery Pack) attached to the 1000XL (manufacture date 11/06). In theory, a Smart-UPS
1000XL and an extra battery pack should be able to power a 35 watt load for 23 hours or so (APC web site claims 16:13
for a 50 watt load). I am now very skeptical, and will have to test that theory soon. The fans are noisy
enough that they sound like they might eat 20 watts all on their own. Which brings me to the topic of fans, really
stupid energy-eating fans—a 35 watt load shouldn’t require activating a powerful fan—surely a temperature-sensitive
fan could have been engineered (incidentally the 1000XL was not even warm to the touch).
All’s well that ends well—line current was restored about two hours after failing,
and I got some sleep, though the 1000XL fans (both units) continued to run loudly until fully charged. And
my server never went down due to power failure (though I did have to take it down while I disabled the beeping, because
I had to move the 1000XL next to the PC, due to the 6-foot serial cable).
A note on SATA
Port Multiplication
I briefly discussed the emerging technology of SATA Port Multiplication in my 01
March entry. It turns out that there is no free lunch—as wonderful as the technology is, it exacts
a price—namely a 10-20% performance penalty (see “Five
Bay Port Multiplier eSATA Enclosure” review at amug.org). In
other words, a 5-drive port-multiplied enclosure (single eSATA cable) won’t perform any better than a 4-drive
SATA enclosure using 4 cables, and maybe even a little worse in spite of having 5 drives to 4. The convenience
of one cable is not to be underestimated—a single 4-port SATA card is capable of supporting 4 enclosures, or
20 drives using just 4 cables (as compared with 5 cards and 20 cables with “direct connect” to each drive. So
if your needs are about huge amounts of storage, eSATA with Port Multiplication is a truly awesome solution. Fortunately,
it is apparently possible to use a Port Multiplication-capable card in non-PM mode (one cable for each drive).
If you are after both high storage capacity and top-end performance, then
eSATA with Port Multiplication (PM) requires careful consideration. You might instead be better served by getting
a conventional 4-bay/4 port SATA enclosure and using 4 cables. For a fixed setup, this will do just fine, provided
you don’t need to attach more enclosures (which would require additional cards). Alternately, you might
use two (2) PM enclosures with 2 cables (4 drives total), thus avoiding some of the PM overhead. I haven’t
personally tested the latter, so I can’t say for sure if it’s effective, but it’s clear that PM performance
penalties increase as you move from 2 drives to 5 on a single cable.
06 March 2006
Many informative and well-witten reviews at AMUG
A site perhaps overlooked by most, amug.org (Arizona
Macintosh User’s Group) releases a steady stream of detailed and informative reviews covering the Macintosh and
many of the available storage products available for it, particularly external storage devices, such as SATA enclosures. Unlike
the fluff reviews you’ll find in most major rags, the AMUG reviews give the lowdown on speed, noise, power usage,
quality, etc—all the things you should know before making a purchase, with helpful photos as well. Look for the “Recent
Reviews” blurb to the right. Recent reviews include the PowerMac
Quad, the MaxConnect
CPU Bay Drive Assembly, the FirmTek
SeriTek 1EVE4 SATA Host Adapter, and a comparison of the Seagate
300GB/16MB St3300631AS vs the Maxtor MaxLine III 7V300F0 hard drives. I highly recommend joining AMUG. The
membership price will easily be repaid by the informative material and discounts on excellent products from Wiebetech
and FirmTek (so far this year).
03 March 2006
BareFeats.com reports on
fast hard drives
If you’re in the market for fast hard disk storage, be sure to check out the latest shootout at
barefeats.com. The shootout includes the 300GB Maxtor 7V300F0,
which I discussed in the 16 Feb entry, and also the 500GB
Maxtor DiamondMax 11, the Hitachi 7K500 and the Seagate Barracuda 7200.9, all SATA
II drives.
Zeiss ZF (Nikon mount) lenses.
Robgalbraith.com reports
on the price announcements from Carl Zeiss for their new Nikon-mount “ZF” lenses (a 50mm/f1.4 and 85mm/f1.4
so far). In rough dollar terms, the lenses will be $600 and $1200 respectively. By comparison, Nikon’s
autofocus 50mm/f1.4D is $269 and Nikon’s autofocus 85mm/f1.4D is $1015.
Certainly the build quality is worth a significant premium, but at more
than twice the price, and no autofocus, the Zeiss 50mm needs to demonstrate very nice rendering indeed. Though
the “made in China” Nikon 50mm is cheaply built, I consider it one of my best lenses optically. We
can only hope that the Zeiss 50mm offers improved sharpness, contrast and bokeh.
The main issue I see is focus precision (and speed of focusing). The
Nikon D2X offers such high resolution, that anything but spot-on focus will make any potential sharpness differences
moot. This is already a problem, even with autofocus. My experience with most Nikon lenses is that the
autofocus precision is less than perfect, leading to obviously-blurred results in some cases, though it’s better
with fast lenses. Using the focus assist feature in the D2X and D200 helps with manual-focus lenses, but it’s
just not accurate enough at f1.4 for precision work (try focusing 10 times and observe the variability in results on
a high-contrast target, and a lower contrast target). Part of the problem is the vague coverage of the D2X and D200
focus sensors, even the center one. Canon is better in this regard.
Zeiss trumpets the outstanding sharpness of their new lenses in the center. Gosh,
a lens that’s sharp in the center?! As anyone who has read one of my comparative reviews knows,
I make comparisons between similar items whenever possible, controlling the variables as feasible, thus allowing
meaningful conclusions to be drawn. The Zeiss claims on resolution are not very useful for two reasons:
First, the use of only the center area to assess sharpness is of little
use in understanding the sharpness across the field. There are plenty of lens designs with outstanding center
sharpness and fair corner performance. As any Canon 1Ds Mark II shooter knows, finding a lens that yields excellent
sharpness across the field, especially wide-open, is no easy task (see D2X
vs EOS). This is also true on the Nikon D2X/D200, because the 2/3 frame sensor demands high resolving power.
Second, the test was performed on special high-resolution film. While
no doubt there are still film shooters, it is likely that any of them are shooting the film Zeiss used (and film flatness
and MTF is always an issue). For the vast majority shooting digital, the high resolution claimed by Zeiss
may or may not be significant. The only useful comparison to be done is showing how the Nikon 50mm/f1.4D compares
to the Zeiss 50mm on the Nikon D2X, Nikon’s highest-resolution digital SLR (alternately the two 85mm lenses).
For that matter, Zeiss could demonstrate the claimed superior bokeh of their lenses by posting direct comparisons. But
perhaps Zeiss feels that reputation, not facts, are sufficient to sell their new offerings.
If you’re in the market for a manual-focus 85mm lens, the $1320 Nikon 85mm/f2.8D PC-Micro-Nikkor
offers outstanding optical performance, while also offering superb macro and tilt/shift capability—a far more
flexible investment unless you must have f1.4 and f2.
01 March 2006
Purchasing a new MacBook
Pro? Laptop hard-drive speed.
If you’re purchasing a new MacBook Pro, bear in mind that the achilles heel of laptop
performance is slow hard disk speeds. You’re almost certainly better off getting a 7200 RPM hard drive
(versus 5400 RPM) than a slightly faster processor speed. Here are numbers taken from a DiskTester run
on my PowerBook G4 1.33 GHz 17" laptop with its 80GB hard drive (5400 RPM):

Write speeds are faster because of caching. The dip in write speed from 4K to 32K
is due to inadequate drive cache (this is typical, even on desktop drives). Those numbers are the best
possible—the inner tracks are usually only 50% of the speed of the outer tracks on most hard drives
(a fixed linear bit density in a smaller diameter). Here is DiskTester’s
report for an “area test” which measures speed across the drive:

Note the dramatic drop in speed as the drive fills up! There are two ways to mitigate
this:
(1) Buy a higher capacity hard drive, and avoid filling up the drive so that most data
resides in the faster areas of the drive. (Mac OS X uses the faster areas first when you format a new drive). You
can also partition the drive, reserving the slower partition for less frequently used items.
(2) Buy a hard drive that is faster to begin with. On RPM alone a 7200 RPM drive
should be 33% faster than a 5400 RPM drive (and it might also have a large cache).
The new MacBook Pro models use internal Serial ATA (SATA) drives. While these almost
certainly will perform better than older ATA drives, the same factors hold sway: a much faster dual-core processor,
but only marginally faster hard disk speed means that anything involving disk use is going to run s...l...o...w...l...y. If
you’re a photographer dumping multiple gigabytes of image files onto a laptop hard drive, save yourself the
migraine and spend the extra $100 or so on a 7200 RPM hard drive.
Universal Binary DiskTester
Today I built a Universal Binary of DiskTester,
my hard drive (and/or RAID) speed and reliability testing tool. As I don’t yet have an Intel-based Mac,
I can’t yet say how well it runs, but I expect to purchase an Intel-based Mac within the next month or so. After
testing, DiskTester will be re-released as a Universal Binary. Updates will be free for prior purchasers.
SATA and port multiplication
SATA hard drives and hard drive enclosures are evolving rapidly to become ever more useful. With
its outstanding bandwidth of 3.0 gigabits/sec, SATA II is spawning some interesting storage products, including cards
and enclosures with port multiplication. I came across an explanatory article today which will
be helpful to anyone considering high-capacity external storage: Serial
ATA Port Multiplier Technology.
Any external storage unit I purchase will use port multiplication—I want one enclosure
and one cable, with the ability to hook up more enclosures without having to buy more PCI cards—port multiplication
allows that, all with outstanding performance. With Firewire a dead technology, can motherboard support be far
behind?