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What are F-stop and T-stop?

F-stop in effect is a measure of light gathering ability that is independent of the format size.

That’s because it takes both focal length and format size into account via a ratio of focal length to entrance pupil diameter:

f-stop = (actual focal length) / (effective entrance pupil diameter)

The neat little trick involved is the ratio: for any particular format size the focal length and entrance pupil size will differ, but the same ratio (f-stop) means the same exposure, whether it’s a phone camera with a tiny sensor or a huge 11 X 14 inch view camera.

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  • Eases into photographic challenges with an introductory section.
  • Covers aspects of digital sensor technology that relate to getting the best image quality.
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  • Depth of field and how to bypass depth of field limitations via focus stacking.
  • Optical aberrations: what they are, what they look like, and what to do about them.
  • MTF, field curvature, focus shift: insight into the limitations of lab tests and why imaging performance is far more complex than it appears.
  • Optical aberrations: what they are, what they look like, and what to do about them.
  • How to test a lens for a “bad sample”.

Intrigued? See Focusing Zeiss DSLR Lenses For Peak Performance, PART ONE: The Challenges, or (one topic of many) field curvature.

f-stop scales whole stops, 1/2 stops, 1/3 stops
Diaphragm as seen at optical center
Actual photos of Zeiss 100mm f/2 Makro-Planar diaphragm— f/2 through f/22

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