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Introduction

Start here!.

1. Prologue
2. What is Infrared?

Image Rendition

Visible spectrum, cameras, color space, infrared vs. color & examples..

1. Choosing a Camera for Infrared Use
2. Converting a Camera for Infrared Photography

Cameras and Examples

Infrared camera choices with examples.

1. Examples: Fuji F30–IR
2. Examples: Fuji S6000–IR

Image Quality Issues

Unique challenges of digital infrared..

1. Sharpness in Visible Light vs Infrared
2. Digital Noise

Workflow

What to do after you shoot..

1. Raw-file Conversion
2. Raw-file Conversion & Digital Photo Professional

Wrap-up and Summary

Conclusions and where to find products and additional information..

1. Where to Go From here
2. Links to Infrared Photography Web Pages
3. Links to Vendors That Make or Modify Cameras
4. Books on Infrared Photography
5. Glossary

Canon Lenses vs Infrared

How Canon lenses perform for infrared use..

1. Lenses for Canon

Nikon Lenses vs Infrared

How Nikon-compatible lenses perform for infrared use..

1. Lenses for Nikon

Panasonic S1R Multi-Shot High-Res Mode

Evaluating Multi-Shot High-Res Mode..

1. Workflow for Multi-Shot High-Res Mode Images in Adobe Camera Raw (Panasonic S1R, Leica SL2)

Leica SL2

47 megapixel with Multi-Shot Hi-Res mode..

1. Leica SL2 Multi-Shot High-Res Mode vs ACR Super Resolution Mode

Leica SL

24-Megapixel vs mirrorless..

1. Overview of Leica SL
2. Leica SL: Color Moiré Example

Leica 75mm f/2 APO-Summicron-SL ASPH

Fast short telephoto lens for L-Mount cameras..

1. Aperture Series: Natural Bonsai Above Beaver Pond

Leica 90mm f/2 APO-Summicron-SL ASPH

Fast short telephoto lens for L-Mount cameras..

1. Examples: Natural Subjects at Dusk

Leica 16-35mm f/3.5-4.5 Super-Vario-Elmar-SL ASPH

Ultra wide angle premium zoom lens relying on distortion correction..

1. Lens Flare for Leica 16-35mm f/3.5-4.5 Super-Vario-Elmar-SL ASPH

GPS Units for DSLRs

GPS units for Nikon and Canon..

1. Canon GP-E2

Nikon D800E

36 megapixels in a compact full-frame DSLR..

1. Staircasing on Sharply Defined Edges
2. Examples — Sharpening Portraits
3. Comparison to Nikon D3x (Aerial)

Nikon D800E vs D800

D800E supplement and comparisons with Nikon D800..

1. D800E vs Canon 5DM3 vs Leica M9 (Dolls)

Canon EOS 1D X

18 megapixel big black brick, Canon’s top of the line DSLR..

1. Key Features of Note

Nikon D3s

Nikon D3s low-light versatile DSLR..

1. Detailed Comparison with D3x

Sony A900

The 24.6 megapixel Sony A900 digital SLR is compared with Canon’ top-of-the-line 21.1MP EOS 1Ds Mark III. A field report including two comparisons with the Canon 1Ds Mark IIII, example images in color and black and white, and the Zeiss ZA 135mm f/1.8 Sonnar. Anti-Shake (SteadyShot) is assessed, as is noise behavior..

1. Sony A900 vs Canon 1Ds Mark III at 50mm

Nikon D3x 24.4-megapixel DSLR review

Includes: D3x resolution comparisons (res chart) with Nikon D3, Canon EOS 1Ds Mark III, resolution comparison on outdoor shot with Nikon D3, large examples, large wildlife examples, Nikon 200mm f/2 VR on D3x, long exposure noise ISO series, D3x sensitivity on diffraction, D3x dynamic range at ISO 100 vs ISO 50, D3x vs D3 color and noise..

1. Examples

Noise ×4: Nikon D3x, Nikon D3, Canon 5D Mark II, & Canon 1Ds Mark III

Noise performance of early 2009’ premier digital SLRs. ISOs from 50 through 25600, dark area noise, noise reduction effects, noise versus resolution. Can more smaller pixels beat fewer large ones?.

1. Processing
2. Big pixels or small?
3. Ocean View

Nikon vs Canon: noise and sharpness

Nikon vs Canon: Noise and Sharpness.

1. Sharpness—creek scene at dusk
2. Sharpness—extensive comparison

Canon 14mm f/2.8L II

In-depth review of the Canon EF 14mm f/2.8L II including flare, distortion, field curvature, resolution charts, numerous field examples and comparison to the Nikon 14-24mm f/2.8G. The Canon EF 14/2.8L II is a superb lens, but with some peculiarities which may enhance or degrade its appeal for different uses. The review is as much a “user guide” as a review; even if you use this lens it’s well worth your time to read this review..

1. Resolution Chart on 10.1MP EOS 1D Mark III
2. Resolution Chart on 21.1MP EOS 1Ds Mark III
3. Focusing Tips
4. Glossary

Voigtlander 90mm f/3.5 APO-Lanthar SL II

Medium telephoto with world-class chromatic correction..

1. Aperture Series: Shimano Drive Train (Sony A7R II)

Voigtlander 180mm f/4 APO-Lanthar

Telephoto with world-class chromatic correction..

1. Aperture Series: Shimano Drive Train (Sony A7R II)

Canon TS-E 90mm f/2.8

Medium telephoto tilt/shift lens.

1. Aperture Series: Wyman Canyon Lower Cabin (5D Mark III)

Nikon 85mm f/2.8D PC-E Micro-Nikkor

Medium telephoto tilt/shift macro focusing lens.

1. Aperture Series: Wyman Canyon Lower Cabin (Nikon D800E)

Shift Lenses for Nikon and Canon

[Older material, but still relevant]. Shift lens performance of Nikon/Canon/Schneider/Olympus on various cameras..

1. 35mm Shift Lenses: Olympus 35mm f/2.8 Sinaron Digital

Pentax K-1

36-megapixel full-frame DSLR with SuperRes Pixel Shift Mode..

1. SuperRes Motion Correction: With and Without (Watch Seconds Hand)
2. SuperRes Pixel Shift Mode: Does Motion Correction Work?
3. SuperRes Pixel Shift: Arcade Night View @ 30 Seconds, Motion Correction with Pentax Digital Camera Utility

Pentax HD FA 15-30mm f/2.8 ED SDM WR

Full frame ultra wide angle zoom..

1. Overview of Pentax HD FA 15-30mm f/2.8 ED SDM WR

Pentax K-3 (APS-C)

23-megapixel APS-C DSLR with an unusual feature set..

1. Pentax K Lens Options

Canon 50mm Lenses

Is Canon’s f/1.2 lens really better than an inexpensive f/1.4 or f/1.8?.

1. Focus Shift: Canon 50mm f/1.2L (5D Mark III, Dolls)

Canon 85mm f/1.4L IS USM

Canon’s best-ever medium telephoto and with image stabilization..

1. Examples: Saddlebag Lake Area
2. Aperture Series: Hanging Dead Brown Needles Pine Branch

Canon 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS

Canon 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS .

1. Canon 100mm f/2.8L: Examples

Canon 35mm f/1.4L II

Canon’s updated fast 35mm prime, evaluated on Canon 5DS R..

1. Overview of Canon 35mm f/1.4L II

Sigma 24mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art

Sigma’s fast high performance wide angle..

1. Sigma 24mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art
2. Aperture Series: Bird of Paradise Flower (Canon 5DM3)
3. Aperture Series: Magenta Flower (Canon 5DM3)
4. Aperture Series: Glistening Rocks and Running Water (Nikon D810)
5. Aperture Series: Huge Barn Interior (Nikon D810)
6. Aperture Series: Huge Barn Interior (Nikon D810)
7. Shootout: Sigma 24/1.4 Art vs Nikon AF-S 24/1.4G (Dolls, NikonD810)

Sigma 35mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art

Sigma’s fast and affordable moderate excellent wide angle..

1. Compared to Nikon AF-S 35mm f/1.4G (Summit Building, Nikon D800E)
2. Aperture Series: Red Beater Bike (Nikon D800E)

Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art

Sigma’s fast high performance normal lens..

1. Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG HSM A (Art Series)
2. MTF for Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG HSM A
3. Sigma 50/1.4A: Color Correction and LOCA, Implications
4. Sigma 50/1.4A vs Canon 50/1.2L and 50/1.4 (5D Mark III, Dolls)
5. Sigma 50/1.4A vs Canon 50/1.2L and 50/1.4 (5D Mark III, Decorated Bike)
6. Aperture Series: Backlit Bristlecones (5D Mark III)
7. Aperture Series: Wyman Cabin (5D Mark III)
8. Near/Far Focus Series: Tuolumne River Cascade (5D Mark III)

Sigma Telephoto APO Macro Lenses: 150mm, 180mm

Sigma’s fast telephoto APO macro lenses..

1. Sigma 180/2.8 APO vs Leica 180/2.8 APO vs Voigtlander 180/4 APO
2. APO.chromatic: Sigma 180 and 150 + Leica 180/2.8, Voigtlander 180/4 + Nikon 70-200/2.8 VRII

Nikon 35mm f/1.4 AIS

Nikon’s classic-design manual focus moderate wide angle..

1. Aperture Series: Kitchen Counter Items (Sony A7R)

Nikon AF-S Nikkor 50mm f/1.4G

Nikon’s latest 50mm lens compared with the Zeiss ZF 50/1.4, Nikon 50/1.4D and Sigma 50/1.4..

1. Sagittal Coma Flare

Nikon AF-S Nikkor 58mm f/1.4G

Nikon’s High performance normal lens.

1. Nikon 58/1.4G Introduction
2. Context vs Nikon Normal Lenses
3. Close Range Comparison vs NOCT-Nikkor (D800E, Bathroom)
4. Shootout: 58/1.4G vs 50/1.4G, 50/1.8G, 50/1.2 AIS (D800E, DeChambeau Sidelit Barn)
5. Shootout: 58/1.4G vs 50/1.4G, 50/1.8G, 50/1.2 AIS (D800E, Beaver Dam)
6. Matched Comparison vs 50/1.4G (D800E, Beaver Dam)
7. Aperture Series: Boulder Logjam (D800E)
8. Aperture Series: DeChambeau Ranch Outbuilding (D800E)
9. Aperture Series: DeChambeau Ranch 'Garage at Dusk' (D800E)

Nikon 58mm f/1.2 NOCT-Nikkor

Nikon’s sought-after high speed aspheric slightly long normal lens..

1. Is f/1.2 Brighter than f/1.4 on a Digital Sensor?

Canon 24mm f/1.4L II

State of the art design in a fast ultra wide angle lens..

1. Field curvature and Aberrations (Night-time)
2. In-depth example: stopping down at night

Nikon AF-S Nikkor 20mm f/1.8G

Nikon’s fast ultra wide angle..

1. Aperture Series: Green and Orange Pumpkins (D810)
2. Aperture Series: Glacial Erratics in Blue Skylight, Westering Sunstar (D810)
3. Aperture Series: Sparkling Lake (D810)

Olympus Zuiko Auto-S 50mm f/1.2

An ultra-fast older design still offers appeal on modern digital..

1. Aperture Series: Poppies and Pots (Sony A7R)
2. Aperture Series: Teak Bench, Pots, Grasses (Sony A7R)

Coastal Optics 60mm f/4 UV-VIS-IR APO Macro

A superlative multi-spectral lens with perfect color correction..

1. Zero Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration
2. Lens Designer Notes
3. Aperture Series: Poppies and Pots (Sony A7R)

Nikon AF-S 28mm f/1.8G

A fast moderate wide angle lens with some practical difficulties..

1. Examples (Dana Meadow Portraits)

Nikon AF-S 35mm f/1.4G

State of the art design in a fast 35mm lens..

1. Aperture Series f/1.4...f/11 — Tree Trunk

Hartblei 40/80/120mm SuperRotators

Medium format Zeiss glass in Hartblei precision tilt/shift lens barrels!.

1. Conclusions

Focus Shift In-Depth

Focus shift assesments of a wide variety of lenses of various brands. Shows a range of apertures for each lens and the mount of focus shift, discusses how to compensate for it..

1. Focus Shift and Spherical Aberration

Bokeh and Blur

How a lens blurs when out of focus is a Big Deal..

1. Bird-wing Bokeh

Sharpness and Blur by Optics

Blur from optical behavior or subject-related issue..

1. Blur by Violet Fringing (Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration aka LOCA)

Blur from Camera or Support

Sharpness loss by camera or support or technique..

1. Blur Caused by System Alignment
2. Blur Caused by Digital Capture

Digital Sensor Technology

Digital capture technology is discrete, and not the same as film..

1. Blur by Bayer Pattern Demosaicing
2. Blur from Anti Aliasing Filters
3. Blur Inherent to Digital Capture
4. Are More Pixels Better?
5. Are More Pixels Better at High ISO?
6. Photosite Sizes of Various Cameras

Ray Angle, Vignetting, Color Shading on a Digital Sensor

Evenness of illumination, color shading, digital sensor effects, ray angle..

1. Ray Angle and Digital Sensors
2. Filter Stack Thickness vs Digital Sensors
3. Loss of Lens Brightness at Fast Apertures on a Digital Sensor
4. Ray Angles for Zeiss DSLR Lenses

Post Processing for Sharpness

Making image captures look sharp..

1. Restoring Sharpness Lost to Digital Capture

Choosing Equipment

How to choose a camera, lenses, and the other stuff that’s worthwhile..

1. Choosing a Camera
2. Specific Tripod Recommendations

Color Gamut and Color Space

Color space for digital images. .

1. Discussion of Color Space in General Terms

Faux HDR and High Dynamic Range

Tips for processing high dynamic range images. .

1. Moderating and Enhancing Contrast with Adobe Camera Raw

Expose To The Right (ETTR)

Maximizing image quality, dynamic range, minimizing digital noise. .

1. What is the Correct Exposure?
2. Bits, Signal and Noise
3. Recommended Camera Settings for Camera Histogram
4. Overview of Using Camera Histogram vs Incident Meter

Mechanics and Organization

Downloading, organizing, etc. .

1. Organizing Digital Camera Files

Focusing Accuracy (Case Studies)

Focusing accuracy and errors..

1. Focus Bracketing with a 15mm Lens on Nikon D800E
2. Rangefinder Focus Error With Leica M9 and Zeiss Lenses

Depth of Field

Controlling the zone of sharp detail..

1. Depth of Field As a Creative Tool
2. Delay in Depth of Field by Double-Image Bokeh

Diffraction

Getting peak performance from your lens.

1. Influence of Pixel Size
2. Example—Resolution Chart

Field Curvature

Zone of focus, not plane of focus.

1. Field Curvature and Focusing Distance

Focus Shift and Spherical Aberration

Elusive sharpness, depending on aperture.

1. Your Lens Might Be Sharper Than It Seems!

Understanding Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)

Understanding resolution and contrast graphs..

1. Reading MTF Charts
2. Lateral Chromatic Aberration and Astigmatism

Optical Aberrations and Behaviors

Understanding the various optical aberrations and behaviors..

1. Point Spread Function

Vignetting (Field Illumination)

Evenness of illumination across the frame and related effects..

1. Vignetting

Spherical Aberration

Diffuse haze at wide apertures..

1. Spherical Aberration
2. Examples of Spherical Aberration

Astigmatism

Understanding astigmatism..

1. Astigmatism
2. Astigmatism and Digital Sensors
3. Chromatic Aberration from Astigmatism (Pseudo LACA)

Lateral Chromatic Aberration

Understanding lateral chromatic aberration (color fringing)..

1. Lateral Chromatic Aberration (Color Fringing)
2. Faint Traces of Lateral Chromatic Aberration

Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration

Understanding Longitudinal (Axial) chromatic aberration (LOCA)..

1. Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration (LOCA / Violet Fringing)

Secondary Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration

Secondary Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration (SLOCA)..

1. Secondary Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration (Color Bokeh)
2. Case Study: Secondary Color Variance with Focus

How to Test A Lens

How to verify a good sample and assess all aspects of lens performance..

1. Testing for Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration (LOCA)

Optical Behavior (Case Studies)

Illuminating examples of lens behavior..

1. Leica 50mm f/0.95 Noctilux-M ASPH Aberrations

Medium Format Magazine

Articles written for MediumFormat.com..

1. Maximize Image Quality with Shot Discipline, Overview with Key Tips
2. Maximize Image Quality with Shot Discipline, Part 4: Optimal Exposure (February 2019)
3. 100 Megapixel Medium Format: Perspectives from Field Use of the Hasselblad H6D-100C (April 2019)
4. Computational Photography Improves Digital Captures: Enhance Details in Adobe Camera Raw (June 2019)

Fujifilm GFX100S

100 megapixels in a body the size of a 35mm DSLR!.

1. Overview of Fujifilm GFX100S

Fujifilm GFX100

100 megapixels in a portable package!.

1. Fujifilm GFX100: Troubling Autofocus Errors

Fujifilm GFX 50s

Fujifilm skips full-frame to go from APS-C to to medium format..

1. Specifications and Press Release

Adapting Other Lenses to Fujifilm GFX

Adapting lenses delivers degraded results in most cases..

1. Adapted Lenses, Ray Angle Degradation

Fujifilm GFX 50R Operational Aspects

Experience, reader insights, etc..

1. Reader Comments on Fujifilm GFX System, With Responses

Fujifilm GFX 50S/R Image Processing

Tips on getting the best results..

1. Sharpening Amount with Adobe Camera Raw
2. ISO 100 Pushed and ISO 12800 in Low Light (Riparian Tree by Creek)

Fujifilm GF 30mm f/3.5 R LM WR

Compact wide angle.

1. Can the Fujifilm GF 30/3.5 Deliver a Fully Sharp Image with Focus Stacking?

Fujifilm GF 80mm f/1.7 R WR

Standard normal lens equivalent to 66mm f/1.4..

1. Overview of Fujifilm GF 80mm f/1.7 R WR

Hasselblad H6D-100C

How does the very best perform in the field?.

1. Introduction to Hasselblad H6D-100C

Optimal Images from Hasselblad X1D

Tips on Getting the Best Results..

1. ISO 3200 Highlight Destruction in ACR vs Hasselblad Phocus and Iridient Developer (Dolls)
2. Increase Image Quality by Optimal Exposure (ETTR, Dolls)

Pentax 645D 40-Megapixel Medium Format DSLR

A price/performance breakthrough?.

1. Pentax 645D Overview
2. Cool Features

Pentax 645 HD DA 28-45mm f/4.5 ED AW SR

Wide angle zoom for Pentax 645..

1. Overview of Pentax HD DA 28-45mm f/4.5 ED AW SR

Pentax 645 90mm f/2.8 D FA 645 Macro ED AW SR

Medium telephoto macro lens for Pentax 645 digital and film..

1. Aperture Series: Green Aspen Leaf on Black Rock (645Z)
2. Aperture Series: White Daisies (645Z)
3. Aperture Series: Aspen with Black Branches (645Z)

Rolleiflex Hy6 Mod 2 Medium Format System

Lens performance at 80 megapixels..

1. Rolleiflex Hy6 Mod2 Medium Format Camera System
2. Aperture Series: Water Worn Boulders (Schneider 50/2.8 Super Angulon PQS)
3. Aperture Series: Creek Meanders Through Boulders (Schneider 50/2.8 Super Angulon PQS)
4. Aperture Series: Up the Creek (Rolleiflex AFD 80mm f/2.8 Apogon PQS)
5. Aperture Series: Glistening Rocks (Rollei APO-Symmar 90mm f/4 Makro PQS)
6. Aperture Series: Down Creek (Zeiss 110/2 Planar PQ)

Mamiya DL28 medium format 28 megapixel system

The Mamiya DL28 offers the Mamiya 645 AFD III, the new Sekor AF 80mm f/2.8D lens and the Leaf Aptus-II 6 digital back. Image quality is outstanding and the DL28 should definitely be considered by anyone looking into medium format..

1. Main: overview, ergonomics, noise, infrared,

Leica S2 37.5 Megapixel Medium Format DSLR

How does Leica’s medium format entry measure up in ergonomics, image quality, etc?.

1. Leica S2 Main page
2. Axial Color (Purple Fringing)

Leica S Examples

Examples and comparison from the various lenses.

1. Comparison: Leica S2 vs Nikon D3x Deconvolution Sharpening

Milvus 21mm f/2.8

The classic 21/2.8 Distagon improved..

1. Depth of Field Table for Milvus 21/2.8

Milvus 25mm f/1.4

Highest performing 25mm from Zeiss ever..

1. Aperture Series: Large Boulder, Waterfall, Last Light on Canyon Ridge
2. Aperture Series: Colorful Green Boulder, Last Sunset Glow

Milvus 35mm f/2

Classic design in the latest Milvus build..

1. Depth of Field Table for Milvus 35/2
2. Examples: White Mountains and Sierra Snow, Late November

Milvus 50mm f/1.4

Outstanding build and optical quality in a normal lens..

1. Depth of Field Table for Milvus 50/1.4
2. Aperture Series: Hazy Dawn at Tenaya Lake (Nikon D810)

Milvus 50mm f/2M

The classic 50/2 Makro-Planar improved..

1. Depth of Field Table for Milvus 50/2M

Milvus 85mm f/1.4

Outstanding build and optical quality in a medium tele..

1. Depth of Field Table for Milvus 85/1.4

Milvus 100mm f/2M

The classic 100/2 Makro-Planar improved..

1. Depth of Field Table for Milvus 100/2

Introduction

Start here to best utilize this guide..

1. Sensor Size and Optical Performance
2. Focusing Tips (general)

Optical Performance

Sharpness and rendering..

1. Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) Discussion
2. Alignment Woes
3. Ray Angle and Entrance Pupil

15mm f/2.8 Distagon

Ultra high performance in an extreme wild wide angle lens..

1. Case Study: Focus Bracketing for Best Sharpness (Bristlecone)
2. Aperture Series: Confluence of Branched Creek with Sedges and Boulders (Sony A7)
3. Aperture Series: Surreal Bristlecones at High Altitude, Generations (Nikon D810)

18mm f/3.5 Distagon

A brilliant, but also colorful character..

1. 18/3.5 Distagon Main Page
2. Vignetting
3. Vignetting and Color Shading vs Nikon 14-24mm
4. Sagittal Coma Flare
5. Aperture Series: Wyman Canyon Lower Cabin Interior (Nikon D800E)
6. Resolution Chart

ZF.2/ZE 21mm f/2.8 Distagon

Brilliant imaging, even wide open, but with a few quirks. (Review in progress) .

1. Examples ZE/Canon Low-light
2. Aperture Series: Curving Confluence with Sedges and Boulders (Sony A7)

25mm f/2 Distagon

Ultra high performance with a fast aperture..

1. 25mm f/2 vs 25mm f/2.8 Discussion
2. Aperture Series: Pescadero Creek Confluence (Sony A7)

25mm f/2.8 Distagon

A gem with unusual close-focus..

1. Aperture Series: Pescadero Creek Confluence (Sony A7)

28mm f/2 Distagon

An artist’s drawing tool..

1. MTF Chart
2. Bokeh
3. Sagittal Coma Flare
4. 28/2 Distagon vs Nikon 28/1.8G, 28/2 AIS, Voigtlander 28/2.8 SL II
5. Aperture Series: Lundy Canyon Beaver Dam (Nikon D800E)
6. Aperture Series: Creekside Yellow Flowers and Dark Rocks, Lundy Creek (Nikon D810)
7. Aperture Series: White Mountains Landscape (Nikon D810)
8. Resolution Chart

35mm f/1.4 Distagon

Strokes of a master..

1. 35/1.4 Distagon Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration (LOCA)
2. Examples, Nikon D3x in Sierra and White Mountains
3. Aperture Series: Pine Creek Tungsten Mine Buildings / Waterfall
4. Sharpening for f/1.4 and f/2
5. 35/1.4 Distagon Spherical Aberration Assessment
6. vs Sigma 35/1.4 and Nikon 35/1.4G (Nikon D800E, Dolls)
7. vs Sigma 35/1.4 and Nikon 35/1.4G (Nikon D800E, Wheel)
8. vs Sigma 35/1.4 (Nikon D800E, Boulder Logjam)

Otus 28mm f/1.4 APO-Distagon

Fast high performance APO wide angle..

1. Depth of Field table for Zeiss Otus 28/1.4 APO-Distagon

Otus 55mm f/1.4 APO-Distagon

Ultra high performance apochromatic normal lens, first in the Otus line..

1. Otus 55/1.4 APO-Distagon Press Releases
2. MTF Across Entire Aperture Range
3. Through-Focus MTF at ƒ/2.8 (Field Flatness and Focus Precision)

Otus 55mm f/1.4 APO-Distagon Rendering Style

Rendering style, bokeh and beauty..

1. Aperture Series: Red Barn (Sony A7R)
2. Aperture Series: Moots at Barcroft (Canon 5DS R)

Otus 85mm f/1.4 APO-Planar Rendering Style

Rendering style, bokeh and 'transparency' without peer..

1. Aperture Series: Contrast Under Strong Backlighting, Moots (Nikon D800E)
2. Aperture Series: Atlas Permaguard (Nikon D810)
3. Aperture Series: Aspen Leaf on Black Rock (Nikon D810)
4. Aperture Series: Fresh Cut Stick On Beaver Dam (Nikon D810)
5. Aperture Series: Rich Green Aspen with Dead Limbs (Nikon D810)
6. Aperture Series: Early Yellow Aspen (Nikon D810)
7. Aperture Series: Beaver Dam View Across Lake (Nikon D810)
8. Aperture Series: Pine Creek Riparian Tree Medley (Nikon D810)

85mm f/1.4 Planar

True-to-life imagery..

1. Aperture Series: Radio Towers (Nikon D800E)

100mm f/2 Makro-Planar

King of bokeh! Corner-to-corner sharpness, world class..

1. 100/2 Makro-Planar Main Page
2. ZE 100/2 Makro-Planar aperture series

135mm f/2 APO-Sonnar

Beautiful bokeh, razor sharp, superb color correction..

1. 135/2 APO-Sonnar Main Page
2. Compared to Nikon 135mm f/2 DC (D800E, Rulers on Table)
3. Compared to Zeiss 100mm f/2 Makro-Planar (D800E, Rulers on Table)
4. Compared to Canon 135mm f/2L (Canon 5D Mark III, Dolls)
5. APO Behavior vs Leica R APO 100/2.8 and 180/2.8

Conclusions

Summary and wrap-up..

1. Overall Conclusions
2. Glossary

Zeiss LensSpire Articles

Articles written for Lenspire.ZEISS.com..

1. Zoom Lens or Prime? 15/18/21mm Lenses
2. Zoom Lens or Prime? 50mm and 55mm
3. Astrophotography Tips, Especially with Zeiss Otus 28mm f/1.4 APO-Distagon

Backgrounds and Reflectors

Inexpensive item that can make a world of difference to the shot..

1. Impact Digital Light Shed

Accessories: Chargers, Batteries, Bags.

Various gear..

1. Pearstone Dual Charger
2. Pearstone Digital Video Camera Bag

Recommended for Health

Stuff that tastes good and is good for you..

1. Are your sunglasses protecting your eyes?

Diffraction

The limits of resolution are governed by physics..

1. Diffraction: A Technical Challenge
2. Diffraction in Consumer Digicams: When Megapixels Go Poof

Focus

Focus accuracy and focus shift..

1. Autofocus Accuracy—Canon EOS 1Ds Mark II / 85mm/f1.2L II USM

Misc Reviews

Miscellaneous reviews..

1. Nikon D3: Noise from ISO 100 to ISO 25,600
2. Canon EOS Meets Leica—1D Mark III mated to APO-Summicron-R 90/2 ASPH
3. An Hour With the Hasselblad 503CWD
4. An Hour With the Hasselblad H3D
5. Thirty Minutes With the PhaseOne P20

Lens and Camera Issues

Good stuff and not so good stuff..

1. Color Temperature & Noise with Digital Cameras
2. Pushing the Blacks—Nikon D3x: medium format quality in a DSLR?
3. Reducing Digital Camera Noise Using Multiple Exposures

NEC 4K Ultra HD PA322UHD Professional Display

A expansive and accurate visual experience for video or stills..

1. NEC PA322UHD Overview

Software issues.

[ARCHIVE] Software and related for photographers..

1. Nikon Capture NX—The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly
2. Eliminating color fringing with Nikon Capture
3. Goodbye Nikon?
4. An Experience With Software Technical Support

The Apple Mac Pro

[ARCHIVE] Various considerations for buying a Mac Pro..

1. The Mac Pro
2. All About Mac Pro Memory

Ask Lloyd Chambers

Questions and answers on photography and computers and more..

1. Mac Pro memory requirements for photo editing?

Photo Tips

Photography Hints and Tips..

1. A brief glossary of photographic terms

Grab Bag

Various articles..

1. Photographic Film Really Was Not Much of a Performer
2. Good Pixels Go Big—Canon EOS 1Ds Mark III and Genuine Fractals
3. Digital Monochrome A-Go-Go
4. PC or Mac—Making a Sensible Choice

Zeiss ZF.2 and Zeiss ZE Lenses For Canon and Nikon

Zeiss ZF.2 and Zeiss ZE Lenses For Canon and Nikon.

1. Zeiss Otus 55mm f/1.4 APO-Distagon

15mm f/2.8 Distagon Zeiss Interview

Q&A on the 15/2.8 Distagon with Dr. Hubert Nasse.

1. Zeiss 15/2.8 Distagon Q&A — Question List
2. Zeiss 15/2.8 Distagon Q&A — Design Goals

Coastal Optics 60mm f/4 UV-VIS-IR APO Macro

A reference lens for color correction..

1. Lens Designer Notes
2. Spectral Transmission

Hartblei 40/80/120mm SuperRotators

Medium format Zeiss glass in Hartblei precision tilt/shift lens barrels!.

1. Conclusions

Nikon lenses

Overview and assessments of Nikon lenses.

1. Nikon AF-S Nikkor 58mm f/1.4G

Leica S2 37.5 Medium Format DSLR

Leica S2 37.5 megapixel DSLR and its lenses..

1. Overview of the Leica S2 System

Lenses for Leica M8, Leica M9, M*

Lenses for Leica M cameras, especially the M9.

1. Lenses for Leica M8, M9, M*
2. Leica 75mm f/2 APO-Summicron-M ASPH
3. Zeiss ZM 35mm f/2 Biogon T*

Infrared

Beyond deep red, seeing the invisible..

1. Introduction to Digital Infrared Photography
2. Seeing Beyond Red, as Published in ASMP NorCal
3. Leica M8 — Infrared Imaging
4. Infrared Contamination: Good Color Gone Bad

Infrared Cameras Compared

Infrared Cameras Compared: Fuji S3 Pro UVIR, Nikon D70-IR, Canon EOS 5D-IR ..

1. Main Page

Nikon D200 vs D2x

Vintage 2006 comparative review of Nikon D200 vs Nikon D2x..

1. Main Page
2. Usability
3. Noise
4. Resolution
5. LensEvaluations
6. RawFileProcessing
7. Conclusions

Canon EOS R

Canon’s first full-frame mirrorless..

1. Introduction to Canon EOS R

Canon EOS R5

Canon’s high-res mirrorless..

1. Mitigating Auto Exposure Errors for Superior Captures, Lower Noise and Higher Dynamic Range

Sony A1

Technological tour de force..

1. Sony A1 PressRelease

Sony Alpha A7R IV

4th Generation standard-setting camera..

1. Sony A7R IV PressRelease

Sony Alpha A9

Blackout-free 20 fps speed demon..

1. Introduction to Sony A9

Sony Alpha A7R II Kolarivision for Leica M

A7R II modified sensor cover glass for Leica M lens performance..

1. A7R II Kolarivision Mod vs Leica M240: What Are the Gains?

Menus and Button Setup

How to configure the camera for serious shooting..

1. Sony A7R Menu System

Sony FE 28mm f/2

Fast wide angle..

1. Apertures Series: Dolls at Close Range (Sony A7R)
2. Aperture Series: Knobby Boulder (A7R)

Sony FE 35mm f/1.4 Distagon ZA

Fast and gorgeous moderate wide angle Zeiss design..

1. Portraits (A7R)
2. Aperture Series: Assessing Focus Shift and Color Correction (Dolls, A7R)
3. Examples at f/1.4, Bad Sample Lens #1, Skew/Asymmetry (Pescadero Creek, A7R)

Sony FE 35mm f/2.8 ZA Sonnar

Compact moderate wide angle for Sony mirrorless..

1. Aperture Series: Agapanthus Berries (Sony A7R)
2. Aperture Series: Grass in Pot by Bench (Sony A7R)

Sony FE 55mm f/1.8 ZA Sonnar

Compact normal lens for full-frame Sony mirrorless..

1. Aperture Series: Creek Wends its Way Through Boulders (Sony A7R)

Voigtlander FE 65mm f/2 Macro APO-Lanthar Aspherical

Ultra high grade performer at a modest price..

1. Overview of Voigtlander 65mm f/2
2. Examples: Secondary Color Correction

Sony FE 16-35mm f/4 ZA OSS Vario-Tessar

Comapact ultra-wide zoom for Sony full frame mirrorless..

1. Aperture Series @ 21mm: Yellow and Blue Bike, Focus Shift (Sony A7R)
2. Aperture Series @ 25mm: Yellow and Blue Bike Close, Focus Shift (Sony A7R)
3. Bokeh Aperture Series @ 31mm: Buckeye (Sony A7R)
4. Aperture Series @ 35mm: Yellow and Blue Bike Close, Focus Shift (Sony A7R)

Sony FE 24-240mm f/3.5-6.3 OSS

10X superzoom..

1. Aperture Series: Backlit Trail, Glacier Canyon (A1)

Fujifilm Finepix X100

The best compact big-sensor digital camera yet?.

1. Introduction to Fujifilm X100

Nikon Coolpix A

Fixed 28mm lens with APS-C sensor free of anti-aliasing blur with wonderful color..

1. Coolpix A vs Fujifilm X100s / X100 (Blue Doll, Pellegrino)

Sony Cybershot DSC-RX1 / RX1R

Full frame camera in an ultra-compact body with or without anti-aliasing filter..

1. Aperture Series, Close Range (RX1, Dolls)
2. Aperture Series: Sunset Bristlecone (RX1R)
3. Conclusions

Sony DSC-RX100

Stunningly high image quality in a 20MP point and shoot tiny camera..

1. Image Quality 4 Years Later (Two Cycling Selfies at Full Res)

Olympus M.Zuiko 7-14mm f/2.8 PRO

Wide angle zoom equivalent (14-28mm equivalent)..

1. Overview of Olympus M.Zuiko 7-14mm f/2.8 PRO

Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 45mm f/1.2 PRO

Fast portrait lens..

1. Overview of Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 45mm f/1.2 PRO

Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 300mm f/4 IS PRO

Super telephoto with superb bokeh and color correction..

1. Olympus Zuiko Digital ED 300mm f/4 IS PRO Overview

Panasonic Leica DG Nocticron 42.5mm f/1.2 ASPH

Fast, bright and highly corrected medium telephoto..

1. vs Voigtlander Nokton: Olympic Bar (EM1)

Olympus OM-D E-M5

Superb ergonomic design in a compact camera..

1. Compared: Olympus 50/2 Macro — Panasonic/Leica 45/2.8 Macro — Olympus 45/1.8 (Dolls)

Olympus OM-D E-M5 Mark II

Updated model with HighRes sensor shift mode..

1. Examples with HighRes Sensor Shift Mode (Historical Items)

Comparisons across format.

Can smaller sensor cameras compete with larger ones on any basis?.

1. Bayer Matrix RGGB vs Foveon X3: (Sigma DP1 Merrill vs Ricoh GR, Green House Rear)
2. Shootout: Sigma DP3 Merrill vs Leica X Vario: (Titanium Ride to the Green Machine)
3. Ricoh GR vs Leica X Vario: (Brick Building)

Panasonic G-1 micro-4/3 camera

Panasonic G-1 especially compared to the Olympus E-P1. Intriguing results with RAW vs in-camera JPEG. RAW file included for your own analysis..

1. Overview
2. Conclusions

Fujifilm X-Pro1

Interchangeable lenses on a 16MP APS-C sensor.

1. Color Bleed
2. Fractal-like Artifacts: Yosemite Pines — ACR vs Capture One Pro
3. Conclusions

Fujifilm X-Pro2

Fujifilm's 24MP APS-C offering..

1. Fujifilm X-Pro2 Overview
2. Image Quality: Fractal-like Artifacts (Clay Pot)

Fujifilm Fujinon XF 56mm f/1.2

A bright short telephoto lens..

1. Color Bokeh, Aberration Control
2. Aperture Series: Olympic Bar (X-T1)
3. Aperture Series: Picnic Table (X-T1)
4. Aperture Series: Teak Bench, Grasses, Black Cat (X-T1)

Sony NEX-7 and NEX-5N

24 or 16 megapixels in a compact body with APS-C sensor..

1. Color Shading on NEX-7 with M-mount Lenses

Metabones SpeedBooster for Sony NEX

Use DSLR lenses at ~native focal length, and gain a stop of speed..

1. SpeedBooster + Canon 85/1.2L II (NEX-6, MTB)

Zeiss Loxia 21mm f/2.8 Distagon

Outstanding ultra wide angle performer..

1. Overview of Zeiss Loxia 21/2.8 Distagon

Zeiss Loxia 35mm f/2 Biogon

Manual focus moderate wide angle for full-frame mirrorless..

1. Overview of Zeiss Loxia 35mm f/2 Biogon
2. Aperture Series: Sparkling Sun on Lake (Evaluating Point Spread Function)
3. Aperture Series: Pine Creek Sunlit Morning (Sony A7R)

Zeiss Loxia 50mm f/2 Planar

Manual focus normal lens for full-frame mirrorless..

1. Aperture Series: Understory Aspen (Sony A7R)
2. Aperture Series: Bristlecone, Earth Shadow Rises (Sony A7R)
3. Aperture Series: White Glacial Erratic (Sony A7R)

Zeiss Batis 25mm f/2 Distagon

Autofocus wide angle for Sony full-frame mirrorless..

1. Aperture Series: Water Through the Boulders (Sony A7R)

Zeiss Batis 40mm f/2

All-around slightly wide angle/normal with close focus..

1. Longitudinal and Secondary Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration

Zeiss Batis 85mm f/1.8 Sonnar

Autofocus portrait lens for Sony full-frame mirrorless..

1. Aperture Series: Sculptured Elegance (Sony A7R)

Zeiss Touit 50mm f/2.8M

Moderate telephoto macro lens for Sony NEX or Fujifilm X. Useful on full frame too!.

1. Aperture Series: Leaf Closeup at ~1:5 (Sony A7R)

Leica X Vario

Leica’s 28-70mm APS-C compact camera..

1. Aperture Series: Dynamic Range Outdoors (46mm)

Sigma dp2 Quattro

45mm f/2.8 equivalent FOV lens..

1. dp2 Quattro vs DP2 Merrill (Dolls)

Sigma DP1 Merrill

28mm f/2.8 equivalent lens on APS-C sensor..

1. Aperture Series DP1 Merrill (Dolls)
2. Resolution — DP1 Merrill vs Nikon D600 (Yellow Aspen)

Sigma DP3 Merrill

75mm f/2.8 equivalent lens on APS-C sensor..

1. Examples (DP3M, White Mountains)
2. Aperture Series DP3 Merrill (DeChambeau Barn)
3. Aperture Series DP3 Merrill (Beaver Pond Rotting Trees)

Leica M10-R

Leica M 40 Megapixels..

1. Overview of Leica M10-R

Leica M10 Monochrom

Leica M 40 megapixel monochrome sensor..

1. Overview of Leica M10 Monochrome
2. Leica M10 Monochrome Noise Discussion
3. Black Dots on White Spots Digital Artifacts

Leica M10

Leica M mount in slim body with SL-type sensor..

1. Overview of Leica M10
2. Examples: Dana Lakes, Part 2: At the Dana Lakes

Leica M Typ 240 Compared To Full Frame Cameras

Relative sharpness and performance across cameras..

1. M240 + 50/2 APO ASPH vs Nikon D800E + Zeiss 50/2 Makro-Planar

Leica M Typ 240 Compared To APS-C Cameras

Relative sharpness and performance vs APS-C cameras..

1. M240 + 50/2 APO ASPH vs Sigma DP2 Merrill
2. M240 + 50/2 APO ASPH vs Nikon D7100 + Sigma 35/1.4 DG HSM A

Leica M Monochrom (original)

Ultimate resolution in black and white..

1. Leica M Monochrom — Intro
2. Filters for Black and White

Leica M Monochrom Typ 246

24-megapixel CMOS monochrome sensor..

1. Black Dots on White Spots Digital Artifacts

Leica M9: User’s Guide and Review

High resolution digital rangefinder.

1. Noise (M9 CCD)

Leica M9: Focusing with the Rangefinder

Focusing issue.

1. Focusing with a rangefinder — Digital Precision
2. Rangefinder Focus Error With Leica M9 and Zeiss ZM Lenses

Leica M9 Rear LCD, Image Review

Modern digital features lacking with the M9..

1. M9 Sensor and LCD Design Choices

Ray angle and Color Shading With M Lenses

Off-center color casts, off-center sharpness..

1. Color uniformity and Lens Correction
2. Color Shading General Discussion

Considerations in choosing a lens.

Focal lengths, color, weight and travel considerations. [relevant, but dated/old material].

1. Lens options for the M9
2. Analysis of 35mm Lens Choices

Leica 16-18-21mm f/4 Tri-Elmar-M ASPH

Leica’s ultra wide angle zoom lens..

1. Aperture Series, 18mm: California Poppies and Pots (Sony A7R)

Leica 18mm f/3.8 Super-Elmar-M ASPH

Leica’s widest prime lens..

1. Notes: 18/3.8 Super-Elmar-M ASPH
2. Aperture Series: Moots FrosTi (Sony A7)

Leica 24mm f/3.8 Elmar-M ASPH

Leica’s best-performing 24mm, and with a flat field..

1. Aperture Series: Cabin #9 Exterior
2. Aperture Series: Pescadero Creek (Sony A7R)

Leica 28mm f/1.4 Summilux-M ASPH

Leica’s fast 28mm..

1. Aperture Series: Backlit Snowy Meadow (Leica M10 Monochrome)

Leica 28mm f/2 Summicron-M ASPH (pre-2016)

Leica’s widest lens utilizing built-in frame lines..

1. Aperture Series: vs 28/2.8 Pescadero Creek (Sony A7R)

Leica 35mm f/1.4 Summilux-M ASPH (2010 FLE)

Leica’s superlative and most natural lens for the M..

1. MTF: Prior version vs 2010 Summilux-M 35mm /1.4 ASPH
2. Aperture Series: 35/1.4 — Glacial Erratics (M240)

Leica 35mm f/2 APO-Summicron-M ASPH

High performance moderate wide angle..

1. Overview of Leica 35mm f/2 APO-Summicron-M ASPH

Leica 35mm f/2 Summicron-M ASPH

Leica’s f/2 35mm for the M..

1. Comparison: Leica 35/2 Summicron-M vs Zeiss ZM 35/2 Biogon
2. Comparison 2: Leica 35/2 Summicron-M vs Zeiss ZM 35/2 Biogon
3. Comparison 3: Bitingly-sharp Zeiss 35/2 Biogon vs Leica 35/2 Summicron

Leica M 50mm Lenses

Six models to choose from..

1. 50mm 4-way Comparison (M240, Pellegrino Bottles)

Leica 50mm f/2 APO-Summicron-M ASPH

High performance but flawed 50mm normal lens..

1. Focus Shift with the 50/2 APO ASPH (Dolls)
2. Color Bokeh (Secondary Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration, Dolls)
3. Aperture Series: Bikes at Night (Sony A7R)
4. Aperture Series: Bleached Bristlecone Logs at Blue Dusk (M240)

Leica 75mm f/2 APO-Summicron-M ASPH

Leica’s medium tele for Leica M..

1. Aperture Series: Two Aspen (M240)

Leica 75mm f/2.4 (2.5) Summarit-M

Leica’s budget 75mm medium telephoto..

1. Aperture Series: Mining Supplies Wagon (M240)

Shooting Leica R Lenses on Leica M

General discussion of R lenses on M..

1. Leica R-Adapter M Overview

Leica 180mm f/2.8 APO-Elmarit-R

World’s best mid-range telephoto lens..

1. vs Sigma 180/2.8 APO and Voigtlander 180/4 APO (D800E, Dolls)
2. vs Sigma 150/2.8 APO, 180/2.8 APO, Voigtlander 180/4 APO, Nikon 70-200 VR2 (D800E, Rulers)

Zeiss ZM 35mm f/1.4 Distagon

Fast and ultra high performance moderate wide angle rangefinder lens..

1. MTF for Zeiss ZM 35/1.4 Distagon
2. MTF on Mirrorless Cameras, Sensor Cover Glass
3. Examples at ƒ/1.4 in Eastern Sierra and White Mountains (M240)
4. Examples: Quaking Aspen Variety (M240)
5. Aperture Series: Big Leaf Maple (M240)
6. Aperture Series: Maple Leaf Underwater, Floating Leaves (M240)
7. Aperture Series: Fading Maple Leaves In Backlit Creek (M240)
8. Aperture Series: Granite Glacial Polish to Cloud’s Rest (M240)
9. Aperture Series: Spotlight on Dark Side of Dunes Summit (Leica M10 Monochrom)

Zeiss ZM 35mm f/2 Biogon

All around razor sharp performer..

1. Zeiss ZM 35/2 Biogon vs Leica 35/1.4 FLE (Dolls, Focus adjusted Biogon)

Zeiss ZM 85mm f/4 Tele-Tessar

Compact high performance medium telephoto..

1. Aperture Series: Olympic Bar (M240)

Processing DNG in Adobe Camera RAW (ACR)

Sharpening, etc..

1. Sharpening Leica DNG and RAW Images

Blog posts, reverse chronological

2022

2022-03-20 Ultra Sharp: Mamiya 7 II 150mm f/4.5 + FotodioX Pro Fusion Smart Adapter for Fujifilm Medium Format

2022-02-19 Reader Comment, Christopher Campbell: Optimizing the Digitization of Paintings and Drawings

2021

2021-12-26 Fujifilm GFX100S Panorama with GF 30mm f/3.5: White Mountains High Country

2021-12-13 In Praise of Digital vs Film (UPDATED, v3)

2021-10-17 NEW: Voigtlander M 90mm f/2.8 APO-Skopar for Leica M, and Voigtlander 90mm f/2.8 APO-Skopar SL IIs for Nikon F-Mount

2021-08-28 Panasonic S1R vs Leica SL2: Sensor Cover Glass Thickness vs Performance for Leica M Lenses, L-Mount Lenses

2021-08-03 Superzoom: Nikon P1000 up to 3000mm Optical Zoom (equiv)

2021-08-01 Fujifilm Medium Format Exerting Intense Market Pressure: Is PhaseOne Going to Survive?

2021-03-24 On the Way for Testing: Sony FE 24mm f/2.8 G, Sony FE 40mm f/2.5 G, Sony FE 50mm f/2.5 G

2021-03-06 Great Blue Herons Require a Very Long Lens, at least in my backyard

2021-03-03 The Most Useful and Practical Telephoto for Wildlife Might Be the Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 150-400mm f/4.5 TC1.25X IS PRO

2021-02-10 Fujifilm GFX100S Pixel Shift Mode: How Good is it, and is it Viable for Non-Studio Photography?

2021-02-01 TESTED: Big and Fast Hard Drive for Photography and Videography —  the Western Digital 18TB Ultrastar DC HC550

2021-01-29 Big and Fast Hard Drive for Photography and Videography

2021-01-27 Fujifilm GFX100S Chops $4000 Off Fujifilm GFX100, Cuts Size and Weight, Costs Less than Sony A1! Plus Commentary

2021-01-26 Sony A1 Initial Impressions

2021-01-15 Black Dots in White Spots 'Pimples': is Leica 'Cooking' the Raw Data with Acutance-Enhancing Imaging Pipeline? (CONFIRMED by a reader, also REPLICATED with Leica M10-R)

2021-01-08 Sensor Bifurcation, Stitched Sensors: Affects Leica M10 Monochrom, Leica M10-R, Leica SL2, some Medium Format

2020

2020-12-31 Leica M10 Monochrom: digital artifacts — White Spots on Black Dots — “Pimples”

2020-12-11 Fujifilm Takes Unassailable Leadership of the Medium Format Market: Fujifilm GFX100 with Pixel Shift and Fujifilm GFX100 IR (infrared)

2020-07-10 Canon EOS R5 Supports Focus Stacking via “Focus Bracketing” Feature

2020-07-09 Canon EOS R5 Ships Soon + Canon RF 85mm f/2 Macro IS STM, Canon RF 100-500mm F4.5-7.1 L IS USM, Canon RF 600mm f/11 IS STM, Canon RF 800mm f/11 IS STM

2020-06-28 Reader Comment: Hasselblad X1D-50C II vs Fujifilm GFX100 and Lenses for Each System

2020-05-02 Spectral Cutoff of Sensor Cover Glass vs Ultraviolet Filters on the Lens: MaxMax.com Shows UV Filters to be Pointless

2019

2019-12-02 Medium Format Now Costs What High-End 35mm Does, at Least Today on Cyber Monday

2019-11-22 On the Way for Testing: Phase One IQ4 150-Megapixel Medium Format System

2019-10-29 Power Outages Continue

2019-10-26 California Power Outage May Take diglloyd.com Mail Server Offline

2019-09-17 Nikon D850 Monochrome: Initial Example, and Frame Averaging for Ultra Low Noise (updated with comments, Sony A7R IV Potential)

2019-08-18 Image Quality: Fujifilm GFX100 vs Fujifilm GFX 50S/R

2019-07-29 Fujifilm GFX100 Service Advisory: “Notification Regarding Potential Loosening of FUJIFILM GFX100 Side Shutter Release “Lock” Function (Vertical grip control lock)”

2019-07-25 Fujifilm GFX100: Severe Autofocus Errors

2019-06-21 Nikon/Canon/Sony Image Quality SUCKS vs Multi-Shot High-Res Mode — Golden Age of Photography Makes me Gripe that Best Ever Cameras Could be Way Better!

2019-06-19 Announced: Hasselblad X1D-50C II, all-new Hasselblad CFV II 50C Digital Back and Hasselblad 907X

2019-06-19 Announced: Hasselblad CFV II 50C Digital Back and Hasselblad 907X V Camera Body

2019-05-26 Focus Shift, a General Discussion

2019-02-13 Canon EOS RP: a 26-Megapixel Full-Frame Entry Level Mirrorless Camera Weighing only 1.07 Pounds

2019-01-12 Reader Comment: Hard Drive Bad Sectors, Enterprise vs Consumer Drives

2018

2018-12-26 Workflow Tip: Locking DNG Files to Prevent Modification by Lightroom/Photoshop, Greatly Reduces Backup Time

2018-10-19 Zeiss Batis 40mm f/2 CF Aperture Series: Evaluating Secondary Color

2018-09-29 Panasonic Bolsters the Full-Frame Mirrorless Market with All new Sensor in Panasonic S1R and Panasonic S1

2018-09-26 The Leica/Panasonic/Sigma Alliance L-Mount Alliance

2018-07-27 Sony DPT-RP1 Digital Paper System

2018-07-25 Hasselblad PR: “Real World” Comparison: Nikon D850 with Decrepit Nikon 17-35mm f/2.8 Zoom Compared Without Format Equivalence or Validation of Basics

2018-07-06 Reader Question on Vignetting for Zeiss Loxia 50mm f/2 Planar

2018-07-04 OWC Express 4M2: 4-Slot M.2 NVMe SSD Enclosure

2017

2017-10-28 Sony Alpha A7R III: Pixel Shift Facts

2017-09-16 The PhaseONE IQ3 100 Megapixel Trichromatic Sensor/Camera

2017-08-26 Nikon D850: Turning Those Old Slides and Negatives into Digital Images

2017-08-26 Nikon D850: Metering (I Want Auto-ETTR!)

2017-08-23 Nikon Announces the D850, Commentary + Reader Comments

2017-07-24 The Logjam Breaks: Nikon Discusses the D850

2017-06-20 Leica M10 Coming This Week

2017-05-03 Reader Question: Adapting Medium Format Lenses to the Fujifilm GFX

2017-05-03 Fujifilm GFX Sensor Cover Glass Thickness?

2017-04-24 Is the Fujifilm GFX Suitable as a Digital Back?

2017-04-24 Fujifilm Starts Professional Services Program

2017-04-19 Sony’s New α9 Camera Appears to Target the High-End Sport Shooter Market

2017-03-04 Fujifilm GFX 50s: Initial Impressions and Defective Camera (?) Stuck on Continuous Shooting Mode

2017-01-18 Leica M10: Inertial Design

2017-01-14 Medium Format Hasselblad X1D and Fujifilm GFX vs Leica S & M and Leica SL

2017-01-07 Reader Question: Sensor Pixel Density, Oversampling

2016

2016-12-15 Sigma sd Quattro H Due in Mid January

2016-11-26 Black Friday Specials, Links (updated @ 16:50 PST Nov 26)

2016-10-18 The Sinar Leica S Mirrorless Camera

2016-09-20 Canon 5D Mark IV: Adobe Does Not Support Dual Pixel RAW

2016-09-19 Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II: Major Improvements and New Features

2016-09-19 Olympus 25mm f/1.2 PRO

2016-09-19 Fujifilm GFX 50S Disrupts the Medium Format (and 35mm) Marketplace

2016-09-01 Panasonic Leica DG Summilux 12mm f/1.4 ASPH

2016-05-23 Motion Correction for Pentax K1 SuperRes Images via Pentax Digital Camera Utility

2016-05-17 Pentax Digital Camera Utility (for Pentax K1 or K3 II, etc)

2016-05-16 Pentax K1 SuperRes Res Mode: Motion Correction Feature with Adobe Camera Raw and Pentax Digital Camera Utility

2016-05-05 Sony RX100 4 Years Later: Image Quality and Fill Flash Still Impress

2016-05-04 REVIEWED: Sony RX10 III

2016-03-29 Zeiss Rebates for DSLR and Rangefinder Lenses + New Products from Sony

2016-03-25 Fujifilm X-Pro2 Firmware Update Fixes Settings-Reset Glitch

2016-03-17 Fujifilm X-Pro2: Fractal-Like “Wormy” Artifacts (Clay Pot)

2016-03-14 Reviewed: Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 300mm f/4 IS PRO

2016-03-14 Olympus 300mm f/4 IS Pro: Examples in Death Valley’s Cottonwood Canyon

2016-03-14 Olympus 300mm f/4 IS Pro Aperture Series: Flash-Flood-Shredded Brush on Marble Canyon Wall, Death Valley

2016-02-03 Sony A6300, and the Fujifilm X-Pro2

2016-01-03 100 Megapixels: Phase One Ships Its XF 100MP Camera System

2015

2015-12-17 Crazy Good Deal on Canon G16 + Printer/Paper

2015-12-06 B&H Deals Today

2015-12-04 Best Starter Camera Deal?

2015-12-03 The Weird Stuff that Sells for Gifts

2015-12-03 B&H Deals Today

2015-11-30 Cyber Monday Deals at OWC and B&H Photo

2015-10-27 Spectral Transmission of Digital Sensors

2015-10-22 The Irrational Aim of f/1.4 Lenses

2015-10-21 Impressions of 4K Television

2015-10-20 Leica SL Typ 601 Full-Frame Mirrorless Camera System: the Logical Joining of DSLR and Mirrorless

2015-09-16 Leica 28mm f/1.4 Summilux-M ASPH: Analysis/Example of SLOCA (Secondary Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration)

2015-09-15 Sony Announces an Uncompressed File Format for A7R II and Future Cameras

2015-09-15 Reader Comment: Travel Cameras, Small Kit

2015-09-13 On Secondary Color: Collective Context-Dropping regarding Zeiss Milvus 50/1.4 Distagon

2015-09-03 Kolarivision Sony A7R II with Leica M Lenses: Coming Soon

2015-08-30 Which Zeiss Lens Doesn’t Get Much Love?

2015-08-26 Canon EOS M3: Coming to USA

2015-08-26 Announced: Canon 35mm f/1.4L II

2015-08-08 Sony A7R II with Leica M Lenses

2015-08-04 Readers Write on the Sony A7R II: is there a quality issue with the EVF?

2015-07-29 See in the Dark: ISO 4,000,000 with the Canon ME20F-SH

2015-07-21 Sony A7R II: Poor Battery Life? And Can it Charge via USB?

2015-07-07 Sony A7R II: Is it the Death Knell for Leica M?

2015-06-19 Iridient Developer Updated to v 3.0.3 (adds support for new cameras)

2015-06-12 Tested: Lexar 256GB 1000X SDXC Card

2015-06-10 Announced: Sony RX10 Mark II, Sony RX100 Mark IV

2015-06-10 Announced: Sony A7R II with 42-Megapixel sensor, In-Body-Image-Stabilization, 4K Video

2015-05-27 Leica M Monochrom Typ 246: Aperture Series to Assess Diffraction and Digital Artifacts (Dolls)

2015-05-07 Tested: Lexar 128GB 1066X Compact Flash Digital Camera Storage Card

2015-05-07 Leica 24-Megapixel Leica M Monochrom Typ 246 Starts Shipping

2015-04-22 Pentax K3 II: Out-Innovating Nikon and Canon

2015-03-31 Iridient Developer Supports Olympus OMD E-M5 Mark II 64MB Raw and Canon 5D S Raw

2015-03-20 Hi-Res Sensor Shift: Can 16 megapixels become 40 megapixels?

2015-03-01 The Camera for Cycling

2015-02-22 It’s 2015: Where Does Leica M Stand?

2015-02-05 Canon’s 50 Megapixel Leap: EOS 5DS and EOS 5DS R

2015-02-05 Canon 11-24mm f/4L USM Ultra Wide Zoom

2015-01-16 Sony A7R: Sensor Glass Thickness, Ray Angle and Image Degradation: Kolarivision Modification

2014

2014-12-10 Sony Pictures Hacked: Do You Really Want to Update your Camera Firmware with a Sony Updater that Runs as 'root'?

2014-11-30 Cyber Monday Deals

2014-11-26 B&H Photo Black Friday Deals

2014-11-21 An Interview with Ming Thein on His High-Definition Ultraprint

2014-09-02 Zeiss Loxia: Manual Focus All Metal Build Lenses for Mirrorless Full Frame

2014-08-18 Understanding the Pentax 645Z Histogram (useful for any brand camera)

2014-07-24 A conversation with Ming Thein on the Pentax 645Z and Nikon D810 and More

2014-07-02 $299 for a DSLR with Lens, also Sony A7s in stock

2014-06-07 Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG HSM 'Art' On the Way for Testing

2014-05-31 Zeiss 85mm f/1.4 Planar: Dual-Focus Aperture Series 'Radio Towers' (D800E)

2014-05-15 Pentax 645z: Hitting the Bullseye on Which Target?

2014-05-14 Digital Camera Market Might be (almost) Stabilizing for ILCs

2014-04-24 Leica T System vs Sony A7/A7R for those M Lenses

2014-04-14 Pentax 645Z 51-Megapixel Medium Format DSLR, 13 Pentax Lenses Now Avail in USA

2014-04-10 Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG HSM 'Art' (for Canon, Nikon, etc)

2014-04-09 Why Is an f/1.2 Lens so Dark on Digital?

2014-04-09 Color Shading (Vignetting by Color) on Digital Sensors

2014-04-08 Color Correction (LOCA, Secondary LOCA, LACA)

2014-03-18 Astigmatism and Lateral Color: Why Performance is Lens + Sensor (aka why do my expensive lenses suck on mirrorless)

2014-02-23 Ricoh GR: Circular Ring Artifacts (“Ring Shadow Effect”) Followup

2014-02-04 Iridient Developer Updated for Fujifilm, Olympus, Panasonic, Canon, PhaseOne

2014-01-30 Nikon D800E and D800 Instant Savings

2014-01-22 Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG HSM 'Art' (for Canon, Nikon, etc)

2014-01-06 Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG HSM 'Art' (for Canon, Nikon, etc)

2013

2013-12-05 Sony A7R: the Kitchen Sink Menu System Design Paradigm is Alive and Well

2013-10-26 Iridient Developer Updated for Nikon, Sony, Fujifilm, Panasonic, Leica

2013-10-11 iPhone 5s White Balance and Using JPEG vs DNG

2013-10-03 Leica R to M Lens Adapter

2013-09-24 iPhone 5s vs Nokia Lumia 1020 Camera Phones (Oversampling and Downsampling)

2013-09-18 A Full-Frame Sony NEX Soon? And Maybe a Surprise?

2013-08-26 Leica M Typ 240: Unreliability Continues: Freeze and System Reset

2013-08-10 Nikon’s Camera Sales for Q1, 2013

2013-08-01 Rx for Profit = Sony RX* ?

2013-07-31 Is the Full Frame DSLR the New Medium Format? What do DSLRs Lack?

2013-07-10 Canon Rebates and Printer bundles

2013-07-02 Ricoh GR Digital: More Examples, and Conclusions

2013-07-02 Canon EOS 70D

2013-06-26 Iridient Developer with Enhanced support for Fujifilm X Files (and Black & White)

2013-06-20 Ricoh GR Digital Night Shooting

2013-06-17 Ricoh GR Digital Night Shooting

2013-06-14 Ricoh GR Digital First Impressions

2013-06-03 Why the Hand Wringing about Chicago Sun Times Layoff of Photographers?

2013-05-31 The Camera Market: Declining Sales and Inertial Design?

2013-05-10 Iridient Developer Updated to Version 2.1 with Support for Fuji XTrans Sensor

2013-05-07 Nikon D800 Infrared First Look with Zeiss 25mm f/2.8 IR-Distagon

2013-05-02 Nikon D800E vs Canon 5D Mark III: Sharpness

2013-04-26 APS-C Emerges as “the new full frame quality” + the Sagging Momentum of Micro Four Thirds (m4/3)

2013-04-23 Fujifilm X100S: Digital Artifacts

2013-04-10 Leica M Monochrome with Color Filters and Leica 50mm f/2 APO-Summicron-M ASPH

2013-03-11 Reader Asks: Leica M Typ 240 / M240 + 50/2 APO or Sigma DP2 Merrill?

2013-03-10 Iridient Digital 'Iridient Developer' Now Handles Sigma DP Merrill X3F Files

2013-03-08 Sigma DP3 Merrill Examples

2013-03-05 Is there a New Trend in Compact Cameras? (fixed lens, large sensor, Nikon Coolpix A)

2013-03-01 What Happens if the Sensor is not Exactly Plane Parallel to the Lens Mount?

2013-02-08 When Will We See Canon Megapixels to Match Nikon?

2012

2012-12-10 Various Deals at B&H Photo

2012-11-29 ETTR (Expose to the Right) — An Essential Skill to Master for Image Quality

2012-11-27 A CALL TO ACTION: Build Intelligent ETTR Into Digital Cameras

2012-11-18 Metering: Incident Light Meter or Camera Histogram?

2012-10-29 Which Camera (Brand)?

2012-10-27 Thoughts on the Direction of Digital

2012-10-21 Why Don’t Digital Cameras Offer a Perfect ETTR exposure with a true raw histogram too?

2012-10-08 Analysis of Sony RX1 Press Release

2012-09-22 Fujifilm X-Pro1 — Same Artifacts from the Funky Sensor Design

2012-09-08 Canon G12 + Pixma Pro 9000 Printer for a rock-bottom $298

2012-08-19 Sony RX100 RAW Support in Iridient Digital RAW Developer

2012-07-23 Canon EOS M APS-C Point & Shoot

2012-07-20 Prices Plummet on Some Leica Bodies

2012-07-16 A Great Deal on a 4/3 Camera? (Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF3 Digital Camera with 14mm Lens)

2012-06-02 Nikon D800E vs Canon 5D Mark III vs Leica M9

2012-05-21 Filtration for Leica M Monochrom to Improve Image Sharpness and Tonal Separation

2012-05-11 Fun With Squares

2012-05-10 Leica M Monochrom — 18-Megapixel Monochrome Sensor

2012-04-24 Nikon EN-EL15 Battery Recall

2012-04-14 Nikon D800 Focusing Screens: BrightScreen and KatzEye

2012-04-07 Readers Comment on my Nikon D800 vs Leica S2 Shootout

2012-04-01 What I Want in a 2012 Digital SLR

2012-03-10 Which 28mm Leica M Lens is Best? 28/2.8 Elmarit or 28/2 Summicron?

2012-03-08 Thoughts on Canon EOS 5D Mark III, 22.3 Megapixels

2012-01-23 Q&A Interview with Leica USA

2012-01-19 Handheld Ultraviolet Photography by MaxMax.com Camera Conversion

2012-01-12 Fuji X-Pro1 — Fujinon XF Lenses on X Mount

2012-01-09 Pearstone Digital Video Camera Bag

2011

2011-12-21 LCDVF Digital SLR Viewfinder (for Live View focusing, video, viewing LCD in bright light, presbyopia)

2011-12-14 B+W XS-Pro Filters Not Compatible With Zeiss ZF.2 / ZE Lenses

2011-12-01 Reader Asks: Is There Zeiss 35mm f/1.4 Lateral Chromatic Aberration?

2011-12-01 Reader Asks: Color Asymmetry with Leica 35mm f/2 Summicron-M ASPH

2011-06-24 Leica M Lenses on Sony NEX-5 with Novoflex Lens Adapter

2011-06-10 Open Letter to Leica — 10 Ways To Improve the M9 Rangefinder

2011-04-26 Thom Hogan Comments on Hi-Res Digital

2011-03-21 Digital Infrared Presentation Tonight in San Jose, CA

2011-03-01 RAW Developer 1.9 Offers Major Boost In Performance

2010

2010-12-08 Pentax 645D 40 megapixel medium format camera coming soon

2010-12-04 Digital restoration of aged or damaged prints

2010-10-29 Speaking at FotoClave 2010

2010-10-15 FotoClave 2010 in San Jose, CA October 29-31

2010-09-27 FotoClave 1010 in San Jose, CA October 29-31

2010-07-11 Fast 2TB drive for your Mac or PC

2010-05-01 Digital Infrared Class— Saturday May 1 at Keeble & Shuchat in Palo Alto, CA

2010-04-30 Digital Infrared Class— Saturday May 1 at Keeble & Shuchat in Palo Alto, CA

2010-01-21 MaxMax.com Nikon D700 “HR” — high resolution mod

2009

2009-12-03 Nikon D3s— see-in-the-dark game-changing marvel

2009-10-14 Reviewed — 2TB Western Digital RE4-GP

2009-06-08 Canon 5D Mark II image quality

2009-05-01 Need backup space?

2009-03-17 Mac Pro Nehalem 2.93 GHz

2009-02-03 Lens recommendation: Voigtlander 40/2 Ultron ASPH

2008

2008-12-24 Nikon 50mm f/1.4G — what avian species?

2008-07-30 Leaf’s 56 megapixel rotating sensor digital back

2008-07-23 Trendsetter? Panasonic Lumix DMC-LX3

2008-07-18 Update on PhaseOne P45+ 39 megapixel Monochrome back

2008-07-09 PhaseOne monochrome medium-format digital back

2008-07-09 New recommendation: Bear Images of Palo Alto

2008-07-07 Hasselblad’s 50 megapixel “full frame”

2008-06-14 Digital Infrared — Making Images

2008-04-07 Canon G9 infrared

2008-03-27 Digital artifacts

2008-03-12 Digital infrared

2008-01-12 Canon’s “Lens Work”

2007

2007-12-15 Digital SLR resolution — the future

2007-12-14 Digital file sizes — be careful what you wish for

2007-11-06 Fuji F50 infrared

2007-11-01 Canon’s Digital Photo Profession lens aberration correction

2007-10-24 In the market for a point and shit camera?

2007-09-22 Digital infrared class September 27 in Palo Alto, CA

2007-09-17 Nikon vs Canon

2007-09-08 Digital infrared class coming September 27

2007-08-28 Special offer on diglloyd Pro Reviews

2007-08-25 Digital infrared queries

2007-08-19 21-megapixel Canon EOS 1Ds Mark III

2007-08-16 More thoughts on 22-megapixel Mamiya ZD

2007-08-13 Digital Photo Professional 3.0.2 preview problem

2007-08-10 Nikon’s true-color sensor patent

2007-07-28 PhaseOne monochrome digital back followup

2007-07-26 PhaseOne monochrome medium format digital back

2007-07-22 Zeiss 35mm f/2 Distagon (and Canon 1D Mark III)

2007-07-04 Shooting stars followup

2007-06-21 Sigma DP1—first of a new genre of digital cameras?

2007-06-17 Canon 1D Mark III color

2007-06-05 Canon EOS 1D Mark III color and noise

2007-05-28 Canon lens instant savings

2007-05-13 Why digital point and shoot cameras are “all shit”

2007-05-08 Guide to Digital Infrared

2007-03-26 SanDisk Extreme III 16GB for US$238

2007-02-28 Mac Pro and Canon Digital Photo Professional

2007-01-15 Are your sunglasses protecting your eyes? Sunglasses vs Infrared and Ultraviolet Light

2006

2006-12-08 Pictures lost—counterfeit SanDisk 8GB Extreme III card

2006-11-11 Leica vs Panasonic

2006-11-08 Leica M8 infrared problems

2006-11-07 Infrared false color

2006-10-17 Digital Infrared class next week

2006-09-29 Ice, Rock and Life

2006-09-01 Infrared Comparison Coming Soon

2006-08-27 Digital Infrared Class—October 25 at Keeble & Shucat

2006-08-20 How much memory to buy?

2006-08-09 The Fujifilm S3 Pro UVIR camera

2006-04-15 MacBook Pro 2.16 GHz beats dual Opteron 2.4GHz

2006-04-11 Running Parallels virtualization software on the MacBook Pro

2006-01-20 Color Temperature and Noise with Digital Cameras

2006-01-09 Intel-based Macs not so fast (at least not yet)

2006-01-07 Comments on the newly-announced Hasselblad H2D

2006-01-06 Whither the digital monochrome camera?

2006-01-01 Backing up is good to do...