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Shift (Rise and Fall), and Tilt / Swing
A shift movement maintains plane-parallel alignment to the imaging plane by offsetting the image circle to the sensor/film; the sensor “sees” a different portion of the image circle. Of course, any field curvature in the lens tweaks that ideal; it is always best to recheck focus in the shifted position.
Generically speaking, 'shift' means any such plane-parallel lens or sensor movement, but it can be used to mean shifting the lens left or right, horizontally. Similarly, rise means shifting the lens up, and fall means shifting the lens down.
Rise and fall are extremely useful to maintain a parallel image plane to the subject, such as a building or tree. Also, deliberate camera placement for the desired geometric perspective is made possible by shift movement; by using shift the proper perspective can be maintained.
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Diglloyd DAP is DSLR-oriented, but also contains workflow and other topics. Much of the focus is on Canon and Nikon but also Pentax and Pentax medium format.
Special emphasis is placed on lens evaluation, focusing on Canon and Nikon and Sigma lenses, but with a few others like Rokinon/Samyang.
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- Real world examples with insights found nowhere else. Make sharper images just by understanding lens behavior you won’t read about elsewhere.
- Aperture series from wide open through stopped down, showing the full range of lens performance and bokeh.
- Optical quality analysis of field curvature, focus shift, sharpness, flare, distortion, and performance in the field.
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Nikon 85mm f/2.8D PC-E Micro Nikkor